primary transcript

intron

exon

5′ cap

3′ poly(A) tail

poly(A) addition site

RNA splicing

spliceosome

proteome

alternative splicing

poly(A) site choice

branch point

small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP)

small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

group I intron

group II intron

trans-splicing

RNA editing

editosome

adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR)

exon junction complex (EJC)

RNA degradation

exosome

processing body (P body)

preribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA)

small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP)

microRNA (miRNA)

Drosha

microprocessor complex

Dicer

ribozyme