Topic: How Has the Rate of ADHD Diagnosis Changed over Time?
Statistical Concepts Covered:
In this applet, you will continue to investigate issues with research design related to sampling and measurement by using meta-analysis, which is the analysis of many studies at once.
Introduction
The text chapters discuss various mental disorders and their symptoms, including Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and the role of various treatment options in helping those who have a mental disorder. ADHD is observed via a pattern of problems at home and school due to difficulty paying attention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsiveness. The data for this applet comes from a meta-analysis by Faraone, Sergeant, Gillberg, and Biederman (2003). A meta-analysis is a study using the results from multiple studies are evaluated to determine the overall effect or difference. During this evaluation we must keep in mind the importance of sampling and measurement involved in the various studies.
Faraone and colleagues evaluated multiple studies conducted around the world to compare the percentage of individuals who met the criteria for ADHD based on location (U.S. or non-U.S.), gender (males or mixed), measurement type (rating scale, interview, or both), and rater (parent, teacher, or subject). In this applet we will also evaluate the diagnosis rates in relation to when changes were made to the diagnostic criteria for ADHD and when new drugs were released for this disorder. The dates for these are listed below:
Diagnosis Date | Drug Introduction Date |
---|---|
1902: ADHD first described by Sir George Still | |
1922: "Post Encephalitic Brain Disorder" | |
1937: Benzedrine | |
1952: DSM-I | |
1955: Ritalin 1960: Adderall |
|
1968: DSM-II | |
1968: DSM-III | |
1982: Ritalin SR | |
1987: DSM-III-R | |
1994: DSM-IV | |
1999: Metadate ER | |
2000: DSM-IV-TR | |
2000: Concerta 2001: Focalin 2001: Adderall XR 2002: Strattera 2005: Focalin XR 2006: Daytrana 2007: Vyvanse 2009: Inutniv 2010: Kapvay |
|
2013: DSM-5 |
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