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How do stars form?
Are stars still forming today? If so, where?
Do more massive stars shine longer than less massive ones? Explain your reasoning.
When stars like the Sun stop fusing hydrogen into helium in their cores, do the stars get smaller or larger?
Answers to these questions appear in the text beside the corresponding numbers in the margins and at the end of the chapter.
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Gravity provides the energy that enables stars to shine. As we saw in studying the Sun (Chapter 9), gravity compresses stars, thereby heating them and causing fusion to occur deep within them. As a result, stars emit huge amounts of radiation. Over time, their chemical compositions, masses, and brightnesses all vary—
In this chapter you will discover
how stars form
what a stellar “nursery” looks like
how astronomers use the physical properties of stars to learn about stellar evolution
the remarkable transformations of older stars into giants
how the Hertzsprung-
how pairs of orbiting stars can change each other
Beware Poetic License All too often, the names and descriptions we use for nonliving objects seem to give them human qualities. Anthropomorphism—