Discovering the
ESSENTIAL
Universe

i

Neil F. Comins

University of Maine

Sixth Edition

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Dedicated to Edith Shapiro, Lenny Harris, and to the memory of Bernard Shapiro.

Publisher: Katherine Parker

Acquisitions Editor: Alicia Brady

Development Editor: Brittany Murphy

Project Manager: Sofia Buono, codeMantra

Senior Media and Supplements Editor: Amy Thorne

Marketing Manager: Taryn Burns

Marketing Assistant: Bailey James

Editorial Assistant: Nandini Ahuja

Cover and Interior Design: Victoria Tomaselli

Director of Editing, Design, and Media Production: Tracey Kuehn

Production Coordinator: Paul Rohloff

Managing Editor: Lisa Kinne

Art Manager: Matthew McAdams

Photo Editor: Sheena Goldstein

Photo Researcher: Nicholas Ciani

Composition: codeMantra

Printing and Binding: RR Donnelley

Cover Photo: © 2012 David Kingham

 

Library of Congress Preassigned Control Number: 2014950361

 

ISBN-13: 978-1-4641-8170-2

ISBN-10: 1-4641-8170-5

© 2015, 2013, 2009, 2006 by W. H. Freeman and Company

All rights reserved

 

Printed in the United States of America

 

First printing

 

W. H. Freeman and Company

41 Madison Avenue

New York, NY 10010

Houndmills, Basingstoke

RG21 6XS, England

www.whfreeman.com

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