Self-Awareness and the Rouge Test

Slide 1 of 14: Synopsis

Human Development Video Activity
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You must read each slide, and complete any questions on the slide, in sequence.
identity
The consistent collection of physical and mental characteristics that define an individual as unique.
primary emotions
Innate emotions that develop within the first year of life and are direct responses to stimuli.
secondary emotions
Also known as self-conscious emotions. Emotions, such as guilt, shame, embarrassment, and pride, that relate to our sense of self and our consciousness of others’ reactions to us.
self-awareness
A sense of self. A sense of one’s physical body, feelings, behaviors, and qualities that make one unique and distinct from others.

Author

A toddler with a red dot on nose looking in a mirror.

Victoria Cross, University of California – Davis
Lisa Huffman, Ball State University
S. Stavros Valenti, Hofstra University

Synopsis

When do children realize that they have an individual identity? In this activity, you will observe the Rouge Test, a widely used assessment of self-awareness. With the help of video clips, you will explore how and when self-awareness appears in infancy and how self-awareness creates a basis for the development of social emotions.

References

Lewis, M., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (1979). Social cognition and the acquisition of self. New York: Plenum.

Siegler, R., DeLoache, J., & Eisenberg, N. (2011). How children develop. New York: Worth Publishers.

Ekman, P. (1999). Basic Emotions. In T. Dalgleish and M. Power (Eds.), Handbook of Cognition and Emotion. Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.