Step 1 State the hypotheses and the rejection rule.

In the SPSS output, the “Test ” indicates that . Also, the “2-tailed” in the output indicates that we have a two-tailed test. Thus, our hypotheses are:

where represents the population mean number of orchard farms per county, nationwide. We will reject if the -value is less than level of significance .

Step 2 Find .

Under the “t” in the SPSS is the value for .

Step 3 Find the -value.

The abbreviation “Sig.” stands for “Significance,” which represents the -value: 0.281.

Step 4 State the conclusion and the interpretation.

The -value of 0.281 is not less than the level of significance , so we do not reject . There is insufficient evidence that the population mean number of orchard farms per county differs from 40.

Step 1 State the hypotheses and the rejection rule.

In the JMP output, the “Hypothesized Value” indicates that . Now, JMP is unusual in that it performs all three types of hypothesis test simultaneously: two-tailed, right-tailed, and left-tailed, as shown in the JMP output. It does not specify a particular form of the test. Let us use the right-tailed test for this example. Thus, our hypotheses are:

where represents the population mean number of grocery stores per county, nationwide. We will reject if the -value is less than level of significance .

Step 2 Find .

Next to “Test Statistic” in the JMP output, we find the value of our test statistic, , 0.3324.

Step 3 Find the -value.

Here, we need to be careful, because JMP gives us three different -values, depending on which form of the hypothesis test is performed. We chose the right-tailed test, so our -value is next to , as indicated in the JMP output.

Step 4 State the conclusion and the interpretation.

The -value of 0.3698 is not less than the level of significance , so we do not reject . There is insufficient evidence that the population mean number of grocery stores per county is greater than 20.