1. True or false: It is possible that both the null and alternative hypotheses are correct at the same time.

2. True or false: The conclusion you draw from performing the critical-value method for the $Z$ test is the same as the conclusion you draw from performing the $p$-value method for the $Z$ test.

3. True or false: We do not need the estimated $p$-value method if we have access to a computer or calculator.

4. To reject $H_0$ when $H_0$ is true is a Type ______ error.

5. An extreme value of $\overline{x}$ is associated with a _____ $p$-value.

6. The rejection rule for performing a hypothesis test using the $p$-value method is to reject $H_0$ when the $p$-value is less than or equal to _____.

7. Under what conditions may we apply the $Z$ test for the population proportion?

8. What does a small $p$-value indicate with respect to the null hypothesis? A large $p$-value?

9. Does the value of $Z_{\text{data}}$ change when the form of the hypothesis test changes (for example, left-tailed instead of right-tailed)?

10. ATM Fees. Do you hate paying the extra fees imposed by banks when withdrawing funds from an automated teller machine (ATM) not owned by your bank? The Federal Reserve System reported in 2010 that the mean such fee is $1.14. A random sample of 36 such transactions yielded a mean of $1.07 in extra fees. Suppose the population standard deviation of such extra fees is $0.25.

11. Alcohol-Related Fatal Car Accidents. The National Traffic Highway Safety Commission keeps statistics on the “mean years of potential life lost” in alcohol-related fatal automobile accidents. For males, the mean years of life lost is 32. That is, on average, males involved in fatal drinking-and-driving accidents had their lives cut short by 32 years. A random sample of 36 alcohol-related fatal accidents had a mean years of life lost of 33.8, with a standard deviation of 6 years.

12. Biomass Power Plants. Power plants around the country are retooling in order to consume biomass instead of or in addition to coal. The following table contains a random sample of 10 such power plants and the amount of biomass they consumed in 2006, in trillions of BTU (British thermal units).²³ Test whether the population standard deviation is greater than 2 trillion BTU using level of significance $\alpha =0.05$.