Classical Conditioning
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You must read each slide, and complete any questions on the slide, in sequence.
Critical Thinking Exercise
Classical Conditioning
Consider the following scenario: You join a group of friends for a meal at a local Chinese restaurant, where you all eat the same meal. Several hours after dinner, however, you develop severe stomach cramps and vomiting that lasts for three days. You are convinced that you have food poisoning even though none of your friends have symptoms. You visit your doctor, who tells you that you have the stomach flu. A week later, you are feeling back to normal, except when someone brings up the restaurant. Even the mention of Chinese food or that specific restaurant triggers feelings of intense nausea and stomach pains. Six months later, you still refuse to eat Chinese food and feel sick when you smell or think about it. What has happened? Most likely, you have experienced classical conditioning. More specifically, you have learned a taste aversion. Let’s take a look:
- Before this incident, you did not associate or pair Chinese food with illness. Before that conditioning occurred, thinking or talking about Chinese food (neutral stimulus) did not elicit a negative response.
- Getting the stomach flu is an unconditioned stimulus. Your response—getting sick—represents an unconditioned response.
- Because you got sick around the time you ate Chinese food, the Chinese food has become a conditioned stimulus. Therefore, when presented with this conditioned stimulus (Chinese food), you demonstrate a conditioned response (feeling sick). Although, in reality, the food actually had nothing to do with your illness, you have now learned to associate Chinese food with getting sick.
Now that you have some information about how classical conditioning can be applied to an everyday scenario, conduct an online search to find out about a specific phobia. Research shows that extreme fears and phobias often develop through classical conditioning, and the conditioning commonly occurs in childhood. It may be helpful to find an article or a Web site that illustrates how classical conditioning is applied to the specific phobia. Once you have found an article or a Web site, answer the following questions:
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Your answer has been provisionally accepted. You'll get full credit for now, but your instructor may update your grade later after evaluating it.
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Your answer has been provisionally accepted. You'll get full credit for now, but your instructor may update your grade later after evaluating it.
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Your answer has been provisionally accepted. You'll get full credit for now, but your instructor may update your grade later after evaluating it.
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According to Ivan Pavlov, classical conditioning is a process of learning through
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Ivan Pavlov discovered that conditioned responses can gradually be weakened if the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without being paired with the unconditioned stimulus. This process is called
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Which of these is an example of a neutral stimulus?
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Suggested Answer: The reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response (in this example, a fear of water) after a period of time without exposure to the conditioned stimulus is called spontaneous recovery. This indicates that extinction does not represent unlearning. Rather, the learned response may decline or go away for a period of time, but it has not been completely eliminated or erased.