The Aftereffects of Milgram’s Study: Were Subjects Harmed? Milgram’s findings were disturbing. But some psychologists found his methods equally upsetting. To psychologist Diana Baum-rind (1964), it was unethical for Milgram to subject his participants to that level of emotional stress, humiliation, and loss of dignity. But Milgram (1964) countered that he had not set out to create stress in his participants. It was his unanticipated results, not his methods, that disturbed people. Who would object to his experiment, he asked, “if everyone had broken off at ‘slight shock’ or at the first sign of the learner’s discomfort?” Concerns were also expressed that participants would experience serious after-effects from the experiment. However, in a follow-up questionnaire, 84 percent of participants in Milgram’s experiment indicated that they were “glad to have taken part in the experiment,” and only about 1 percent regretted participating (Milgram, 1974b).