CHAPTER REVIEW

KEY TERMS

Question

antianxiety medications
antidepressant medications
antipsychotic medications
atypical antipsychotic medications
aversive conditioning
behavior therapy
biomedical therapies
client-centered therapy
cognitive therapies
cognitive therapy (CT)
cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
counterconditioning
dream interpretation
eclecticism
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
exposure therapy
family therapy
free association
group therapy
interpersonal therapy (IPT)
interpretation
lithium
psychoanalysis (in psychotherapy)
psychotherapy
psychotropic medications
rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)
resistance
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
short-term dynamic therapies
systematic desensitization
token economy
transference
In psychoanalysis, the patient’s unconscious attempts to block the revelation of repressed memories and conflicts.
Therapy that integrates cognitive and behavioral techniques and that is based on the assumption that thoughts, moods, and behaviors are interrelated.
The use of medications, electroconvulsive therapy, or other medical treatments to treat the symptoms associated with psychological disorders.
The treatment of emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal problems through the use of psychological techniques designed to encourage understanding of problems and modify troubling feelings, behaviors, or relationships.
A behavior therapy technique based on classical conditioning that involves modifying behavior by conditioning a new response that is incompatible with a previously learned response.
Type of psychotherapy that is based on psychoanalytic theory but differs in that it is typically time-limited, has specific goals, and involves an active, rather than neutral, role for the therapist.
A type of cognitive therapy, developed by psychologist Albert Ellis, that focuses on changing the client’s irrational beliefs.
A type of behavior therapy in which phobic responses are reduced by pairing relaxation with a series of mental images or real-life situations that the person finds progressively more fear-provoking; based on the principle of counterconditioning.
A type of psychotherapy originated by Sigmund Freud in which free association, dream interpretation, and analysis of resistance and transference are used to explore repressed or unconscious impulses, anxieties, and internal conflicts.
A biomedical therapy used primarily in the treatment of major depressive disorder that involves electrically inducing a brief brain seizure; also called electroshock therapy.
A form of psychotherapy that is based on the assumption that the family is a system and that treats the family as a unit.
Behavioral therapy for phobias, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, or related anxiety disorders in which the person is repeatedly exposed to the disturbing object or situation under controlled conditions.
A group of psychotherapies based on the assumption that psychological problems are due to illogical patterns of thinking; treatment techniques focus on recognizing and altering these unhealthy thinking patterns.
In psychoanalysis, the process by which emotions and desires originally associated with a significant person in the patient’s life, such as a parent, are unconsciously transferred onto the psychoanalyst.
Drugs that alter mental functions, alleviate psychological symptoms, and are used to treat psychological or mental disorders.
A type of psychotherapy developed by humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers in which the therapist is nondirective and reflective, and the client directs the focus of each therapy session; also called person-centered therapy.
Class of antidepressant medications that increase the availability of serotonin in the brain and cause fewer side effects than earlier antidepressants; they include Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft.
The pragmatic and integrated use of techniques from different psychotherapies.
A form of behavior therapy in which the therapeutic environment is structured to reward desired behaviors with tokens or points that may eventually be exchanged for tangible rewards.
Prescription drugs that are used to alleviate the symptoms of anxiety.
Therapy developed by Aaron T. Beck that focuses on changing the client’s unrealistic and maladaptive beliefs.
Prescription drugs that are used to reduce psychotic symptoms; frequently used in the treatment of schizophrenia; also called neuroleptics.
A technique used in psychoanalysis in which the content of dreams is analyzed for disguised or symbolic wishes, meanings, and motivations.
Prescription drugs that are used to reduce the symptoms associated with major depressive disorder.
Newer antipsychotic medications that, in contrast with the early antipsychotic drugs, block dopamine receptors in brain regions associated with psychotic symptoms rather than more globally throughout the brain, resulting in fewer side effects.
A psychoanalytic technique in which the patient spontaneously reports all thoughts, feelings, and mental images that arise, revealing unconscious thoughts and emotions.
A type of psychotherapy that focuses on directly changing maladaptive behavior patterns by using basic learning principles and techniques; also called behavior modification.
A relatively ineffective type of behavior therapy that involves repeatedly pairing an aversive stimulus with the occurrence of undesirable behaviors or thoughts.
A technique used in psychoanalysis in which the psychoanalyst offers a carefully timed explanation of the patient’s dreams, free associations, or behaviors to facilitate the recognition of unconscious conflicts or motivations.
A brief psychodynamic psychotherapy that focuses on current relationships and is based on the assumption that symptoms are caused and maintained by interpersonal problems.
A form of psychotherapy that involves one or more therapists working simultaneously with a small group of clients.
A naturally occurring substance that is used in the treatment of bipolar disorder.

KEY PEOPLE

Aaron T. Beck (b. 1921)

Albert Ellis (1913–2007)

Sigmund Freud (1856–1939)

Mary Cover Jones (1896–1987)

Carl Rogers (1902–1987)