Figure 6.3 Differences in the distribution of national territory. The map, drawn from Eurasia, Africa, and South America, shows wide contrasts in territorial shape. France and, to a lesser extent, Brazil approach the ideal hexagonal shape, but Russia is elongated and has an exclave in the Kaliningrad District, whereas Indonesia is fragmented into a myriad of islands. The Gambia intrudes as a pene-enclave into the heart of Senegal, and South Africa has a foreign enclave, Lesotho. Chile must overcome extreme elongation. What problems can arise from elongation, enclaves, fragmentation, and exclaves?