Chapter 32. Chapter 32: Urbanization and Sustainable Communities

What is environmental justice?

Interactive Study Guide

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Guiding Question 32.3

What is environmental justice? How does urban flight contribute to and result from environmental justice problems?

Why You Should Care

A common acronym associated with environmental justice is NIMBY: Not In My Back Yard. In other words, most people are all for environmental stewardship, like responsible waste disposal, as long as the process or facility isn’t in their neighborhood. Unfortunately, it’s usually those with the most political sway who get to decide where environmental improvements are done and where landfills are placed. Underrepresented groups from poor socioeconomic backgrounds, therefore, are the people most likely to be exposed to pollution or live in poorly zoned neighborhoods near industry. Urban flight is the phenomenon of the affluent leaving cities for the suburbs. This concentrates and segregates the affluent from the less fortunate, and means that it’s harder for environmentally threatened or degraded neighborhoods to get the political and financial support they need to make improvements. A way to combat this issue that has slowly become standard practice over the past four or five decades is to scatter public and subsidized housing throughout cities. This helps prevent concentrations of poverty and the subsequent environmental injustice that follows.

Question Test Your Vocabulary

Choose the correct term for each of the following definitions:

Term	Definition
f4ojx79qJT01fFx98tgCjbNTONOQ3BJ7s7/H1oQJ9k948Z9vIsFooQNLwrWlwMYwl6BNiiMglJMi4d14Vwvh6vab8BHdiH5qc5TBUK/TBNQ=	The phenomenon in which urban areas are warmer than the surrounding countryside due to pavement, dark surfaces, closed-in spaces, and high energy use.
VJwrcWRambCtQdD8KsjhUUWu7wyXk52eX23MYnNPwwglHOzmGd9QObYWp57u3Af94r6udgV+RdbzaZDMvlkuArRCjqITQ5Qb7ld2NkIj9wk=	The migration of people to large cities.
2LDeWeaJ61cVcTB0N7T4qhFviHtyQLWPf8zvJE05uNWGcaAUf09w1Oac4GDxclDYOTJ29A0nd0ggXj4GD5rqpnbu2O37+wwsCy8Qmw5mi1w=	The concept that access to a clean, healthy environment is a basic human right.
n31QnXsgvIn2ZBDMqgGsUicee0pO/FeG9ffYKFTnxy0Hke7MlE8UnwmnuK4ovOf7XUkXjN9mt5C0PeIt6Ljw3OFwpSV1hELNyy1N3HcAbPQ=	Densely populated regions that include cities and the suburbs that surround them.

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Question 32.1

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Question 32.2

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Question 32.3

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Question 32.4

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Although the trend in recent years is for improved zoning laws to prevent mixed development, this wasn't the case in the South Bronx.

Question 32.5

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Although the trend in recent years is for improved zoning laws to prevent mixed development, this wasn't the case in the South Bronx.

Question 32.6

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Basically, wherever and whenever the relative amount of the black population increased in a district, the white population decreased.

Question 32.7

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Urban flight usually involves the more affluent (usually majority) inhabitants of a city leaving as minority people, who are often relatively disadvantaged, move in. Often, the majority people leave the neighborhoods because of some kind of environmental disadvantage associated with it, or as the disadvantaged move in, they are less financially able to make their own improvements, and their needs are less likely to be heard by lawmakers. This means that they will often receive an unfair share of environmental degradation.