Revision Symbols

Some instructors use these symbols as a kind of shorthand to guide you in revision. The numbers refer to a chapter number or a section of a chapter.

abb abbreviation 46a–g
ad adjective/adverb 35
agr agreement 33, 34f
awk awkward
cap capitalization 45
case case 34c–d
cliché cliché 11a, 23d
co coordination 25a
coh coherence 8e
com incomplete comparison 26e
concl weak conclusion 8f, 19b
cs comma splice 37
d diction (word choice) 23
def define 8c
dm dangling modifier 36c
doc documentation 49–55
emph emphasis unclear 25
ex example needed 8b–c
frag sentence fragment 38
fs fused sentence 37
hyph hyphen 48
inc incomplete construction 26
intro weak introduction 8f, 19b
it italics (or underlining) 47
jarg jargon 23a
lc lowercase letter 45
lv language variety 22
mix mixed construction 26a
mm misplaced modifier 36
ms manuscript form
no , no comma 39j
num number 46h–j
paragraph 8
// faulty parallelism 8e, 27
para paraphrase 17d, 18
pass inappropriate passive 28c, 32g
ref unclear pronoun reference 34g
run-on run-on (fused) sentence 37
sexist sexist language 21b, 34f
shift shift 28
slang slang 23a
sp spelling 23e–f
sub subordination 25b
sum summarize 17d, 18, 62b
t tone 10d, 17c, 23a, 23d
trans transition 8e, 30b
u unity 8a
vague vague statement
verb verb form 32a–d
vt verb tense 32e–h
wv weak verb 32
wrdy wordy 29
ww wrong word 1, 11a, 23a–b
, comma 39
; semicolon 40
. ? ! period, question mark, exclamation point 41
’ apostrophe 42
“ ” quotation marks 43
( ) [ ] — parentheses, brackets, dash 44a–c
: / ... colon, slash, ellipsis 44d–f
^ insert
image transpose
image close up
X obvious error