| Concept | Individualism | Collectivism |
| Self | Independent (identity from individual traits) | Interdependent (identity from belonging) |
| Life task | Discover and express one’s uniqueness | Maintain connections, fit in, perform role |
| What matters | Me—personal achievement and fulfillment; rights and liberties; self-esteem | Us—group goals and solidarity; social responsibilities and relationships; family duty |
| Coping method | Change reality | Accommodate to reality |
| Morality | Defined by individuals (self-based) | Defined by social networks (duty-based) |
| Relationships | Many, often temporary or casual; confrontation acceptable | Few, close and enduring; harmony valued |
| Attributing behavior | Behavior reflects one’s personality and attitudes | Behavior reflects social norms and roles |