Table : TABLE 3.3
When Is Drug Use a Disorder? According to the American Psychiatric Association, a person may be diagnosed with substance use disorder when drug use continues despite significant life disruption. Resulting brain changes may persist after quitting use of the substance (thus leading to strong cravings when exposed to people and situations that trigger memories of drug use). The severity of substance use disorder varies from mild (two to three of these indicators) to moderate (four to five indicators) to severe (six or more indicators).
Diminished Control

  1. Uses more substance, or for longer, than intended.

  2. Tries unsuccessfully to regulate use of substance.

  3. Spends much time acquiring, using, or recovering from effects of substance.

  4. Craves the substance.

Diminished Social Functioning

  1. Use disrupts commitments at work, school, or home.

  2. Continues use despite social problems.

  3. Causes reduced social, recreational, and work activities.

Hazardous Use

  1. Continues use despite hazards.

  2. Continues use despite worsening physical or psychological problems.

Drug Action

  1. Experiences tolerance (needing more substance for the desired effect).

  2. Experiences withdrawal when attempting to end use.

(Source: American Psychiatric Association, 2013.)