iii

DAVID G. MYERS

HOPE COLLEGE
HOLLAND, MICHIGAN

C. NATHAN DEWALL

UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY

New York

iv

Publisher, Psychology and Sociology: Rachel Losh

Development Editors: Christine Brune, Nancy Fleming, Trish Morgan, Danielle Slevens

Editorial Assistant: Katie Pachnos

Executive Marketing Manager: Katherine Nurre

Marketing Assistant: Morgan Ratner

Executive Media Editor: Rachel Comerford

Media Editor: Laura Burden

Supplements Editor: Betty Probert

Director, Content Management Enhancement: Tracey Kuehn

Managing Editor, Sciences and Social Sciences: Lisa Kinne

Project Editor: Robert Errera

Media Producer: Eve Conte

Senior Production Manager: Sarah Segal

Photo Editor: Robin Fadool

Photo Researcher: Candice Cheesman

Director of Design, Content Management Enhancement: Diana Blume

Cover Design: Blake Logan

Interior Design: Charles Yuen

Layout Designer: Lee Ann McKevitt

Art Manager: Matthew McAdams

Illustration Coordinator: Janice Donnola

Illustrations: Evelyn Pence

Composition: MPS Ltd.

Printing and Binding: RR Donnelley

Cover Photo: Josef F. Steufer/Getty Images

Library of Congress Control Number: 2015957828

ISBN-13: 978-1-4641-5438-6

ISBN-10: 1-4641-5438-4

Copyright © 2016, 2014, 2011, 2008 by Worth Publishers

All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

Second printing

David Myers’ royalties from the sale of this book are assigned to the David and Carol Myers Foundation, which exists to receive and distribute funds to other charitable organizations.

Worth Publishers

One New York Plaza

New York, NY 10004-1562

www.MacmillanHigherEd.com

v

[DM] For my kindred spirits, Malcolm and Ruth Jeeves, with gratitude for your hospitality and friendship.

[ND] To Alice DeWall — love of my life