Learning Objectives
Test Yourself by taking a moment to answer each of these Learning Objective Questions (repeated here from within the module). Research suggests that trying to answer these questions on your own will improve your long-
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Test yourself on these terms.
social psychology (p. 442) attribution theory (p. 442) fundamental attribution error (p. 442) attitude (p. 444) peripheral route persuasion (p. 444) central route persuasion (p. 444) foot- role (p. 445) cognitive dissonance theory (p. 446) culture (p. 448) norm (p. 448) conformity (p. 450) normative social influence (p. 451) informational social influence (p. 451) social facilitation (p. 455) social loafing (p. 456) deindividuation (p. 457) group polarization (p. 458) groupthink (p. 459) | influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval. improved performance on simple or well- an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. Norms prescribe "proper" behavior. the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable. the tendency for observers, when analyzing others' behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition. adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard. the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision- the loss of self- the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next. a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave. feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events. influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality. the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request. the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent. For example, when we become aware that our attitudes and our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes. occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts. occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness. the theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition. the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. the enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group. |
Test yourself repeatedly throughout your studies. This will not only help you figure out what you know and don’t know; the testing itself will help you learn and remember the information more effectively thanks to the testing effect.
1. If we encounter a person who appears to be high on drugs, and we make the fundamental attribution error, we will probably attribute the person's behavior to
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2. Celebrity endorsements in advertising often lead consumers to purchase products through (central/peripheral) route persuasion.
3. We tend to agree to a larger request more readily if we have already agreed to a small request. This tendency is called the phenomenon.
4. Jamal's therapist has suggested that Jamal should “act as if” he is confident, even though he feels insecure and shy. Which social psychological theory would best support this suggestion, and what might the therapist be hoping to achieve?
5. Researchers have found that a person is most likely to conform to a group if
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6. In Milgram's experiments, the rate of compliance was highest when
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7. Dr. Huang, a popular music professor, delivers fascinating lectures on music history but gets nervous and makes mistakes when describing exam statistics in front of the class. Why does his performance vary by task?
8. In a group situation that fosters arousal and anonymity, a person sometimes loses self-
9. Sharing our opinions with like-minded others tends to strengthen our views, a phenomenon referred to as .
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