Test Yourself by taking a moment to answer each of these Learning Objective Questions (repeated here from within the module). Research suggests that trying to answer these questions on your own will improve your long-
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Test yourself on these terms.
psychotherapy (p. 570) biomedical therapy (p. 570) eclectic approach (p. 570) psychoanalysis (p. 570) resistance (p. 571) interpretation (p. 571) transference (p. 571) psychodynamic therapy (p. 572) insight therapies (p. 572) client- active listening (p. 573) unconditional positive regard (p. 574) behavior therapy (p. 574) counterconditioning (p. 575) exposure therapies (p. 575) systematic desensitization (p. 575) virtual reality exposure therapy (p. 576) aversive conditioning (p. 576) token economy (p. 577) cognitive therapy (p. 578) cognitive- group therapy (p. 582) family therapy (p. 582) evidence- therapeutic alliance (p. 589) | a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety- a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self- therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions. a bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client, who work together constructively to overcome the client's problem. behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; include exposure therapies and aversive conditioning. a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol). in psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight. a variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person's awareness of underlying motives and defenses. in psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent). therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors. empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers' client- a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients develop self- an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to electronic simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking. a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients' growth. (Also called person- in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety- an approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy. therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members. behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actual situations) to the things they fear and avoid. therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition; views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and seeks to enhance self- an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange their tokens for various privileges or treats. treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth. prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person's physiology. therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, permitting therapeutic benefits from group interaction. Freud's therapeutic technique used in treating psychological disorders. Freud believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences— clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences. |
Test yourself repeatedly throughout your studies. This will not only help you figure out what you know and don’t know; the testing itself will help you learn and remember the information more effectively thanks to the testing effect.
1. A therapist who helps patients search for the unconscious roots of their problem and offers interpretations of their behaviors, feelings, and dreams is drawing from
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2. therapies are designed to help individuals discover the thoughts and feelings that guide their motivation and behavior.
3. Compared with psychoanalysts, humanistic therapists are more likely to emphasize
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4. A therapist who restates and clarifies the client's statements is practicing .
5. The goal of behavior therapy is to
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6. Behavior therapies often use techniques, such as systematic desensitization and aversive conditioning, to encourage clients to produce new responses to old stimuli.
7. The technique of teaches people to relax in the presence of progressively more anxiety-provoking stimuli.
8. After a near-fatal car accident, Rico developed such an intense fear of driving on the freeway that he takes lengthy alternative routes to work each day. Which psychological therapy might best help Rico overcome his phobia, and why?
9. At a treatment center, people who display a desired behavior receive coins that they can later exchange for other rewards. This is an example of a(n) .
10. Cognitive therapy has been especially effective in treating
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11. therapy helps people to change their self-defeating ways of thinking and to act out those changes in their daily behavior.
12. In family therapy, the therapist assumes that
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13. The most enthusiastic or optimistic view of the effectiveness of psychotherapy comes from
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14. Studies show that ________ therapy is the most effective treatment for most psychological disorders.
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15. What are the three components of evidence-based practice?
16. How does the placebo effect bias patients' attitudes about the effectiveness of various therapies?
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