21. Alfonse D'Amato (D) won the 1980 U.S. Senate race in New York by defeating Elizabeth Holtzman (H) and Jacob Javits (J). Reasonable estimates (based largely on exit polls) suggest that voters ranked the candidates according to the following table:
| 22% | 23% | 15% | 29% | 7% | 4% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Use these ballots to show that plurality voting is group-manipulable.
21.
| Election 1 | |||||
| 22% | 23% | 15% | 29% | 7% | 4% |
Since has the most first-place votes, Alfonse D’Amato (D) is the winner by plurality voting. The plurality rule is group manipulable if the voters in the 7% group all change their ballots.
| Election 2 | |||||
| 22% | 23% | 15% | 29% | 7% | 4% |
Since has the most first-place votes, Elizabeth Holtzman ( ) is the winner by plurality voting.