38. The New York City Board of Estimate consists of the mayor, the comptroller, the city council president, and the presidents of each of the five boroughs. It used to employ a voting system in which the city officials each had 2 votes and the borough presidents each had 1; the quota to pass a measure was 6. This voting system was declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1989. Although the boroughs had unequal populations, they had equal representation on the board, in violation of the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment to the U.S. Constitution (New York City Board of Estimate v. Morris).