Table 14.18: TABLE 14.16 Apportionment Methods Used by Congress
| Censuses |
1850;
1860*–1900* |
1790*–1830* |
1840*,
1910, 1930 |
1940–present |
| Divisor method |
No |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
| Paradoxes3
|
Yes |
No |
No |
No |
| Bias for |
None |
Large states |
None |
Small states |
Quota
condition |
Satisfied |
Often exceeds
upper quota |
Not satisfied,
rarely violates |
Not satisfied,
rarely violates |
Table 14.18: In years marked with an asterisk (*), the house size was determined after the apportionment was calculated. In asterisk years when a divisor method was in use, the divisor was chosen and the house size was determined by the calculation. For the Hamilton method, Congress was presented with apportionments for a range of house sizes and chose the one that suited.