Question 19.89

59. For positive integers and , the expression mod means the remainder when is divided by . Thus, , because , and we say that “23 is equivalent to 3 modulo 4.” (See Chapter 17 for further details about this modular arithmetic.) Every positive integer is equivalent to 0, 1, 2, or 3 modulo 4. Consider the collection of elements {0, 1, 2, 3} and the operation on them defined by mod 4. Show that under this operation, the collection forms a group.

59.

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