Question 5.72

42. "Conservationists have despaired over destruction of tropical rainforest by logging, clearing, and burning." These words begin a report on a statistical study of the effects of logging in Borneo. [Source: C. H. Cannon, D. R. Peart, and M. Leighton, Tree species diversity in commercially logged Bornean rainforest, Science, 281 (1998): 1366-1368.] Researchers compared forest plots that had never been logged (Group 1) with similar plots nearby that had been logged one year earlier (Group 2) and eight years earlier (Group 3). All plots were 0.1 hectare in area. Here are the counts of trees for plots in each group, courtesy of Charles Cannon:

Group 1: 27 22 29 21 19 33
16 20 24 27 28 19
Group 2: 12 12 15 9 20 18
17 14 14 2 17 19
Group 3: 18 4 22 15 18
19 22 12 12

Give a complete comparison of the three distributions, using both graphs and numerical summaries. To what extent has logging affected the count of trees? The researchers used an analysis based on and . Explain why using this analysis is reasonably well justified.

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