GALLIAN, J. The mathematics of identification numbers, College Mathematics Journal, 22 (1991): 194–202. A survey of check-digit schemes associated with identification numbers. Available at www.d.umn.edu/~jgallian/ident.pdf.

GALLIAN, J. Assigning driver’s license numbers, Mathematics Magazine, 64 (1992): 13–22. Discusses various methods used by the states to assign driver's license numbers. Several of these methods include check digits for error detection. Available at www.d.umn.edu/~jgallian/license.pdf.

GALLIAN, J. Error detection methods, ACM Computing Surveys, 28 (1996): 504–17. A detailed description of many error-detection methods. Available at www.d.umn.edu/~jgallian/detection.pdf.

GALLIAN, J., and S. WINTERS. Modular arithmetic in the marketplace, American Mathematical Monthly, 95 (1988): 548–51. A detailed analysis of the check-digit schemes presented in this chapter. In particular, the error-detection rates for the various schemes are given. Available at www.d.umn.edu/~jgallian/marketplace.pdf.

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