Chapter 18. Chapter 18

Data Exercises
Chapter 18
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How strong is the link between a country’s trade balance and the real exchange rate? We will explore this question using information from the FRED (Federal Reserve Economic Data) database provided by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. Go to Federal Reserve Economic Data to access the information.

To access the data:

1. Go to Federal Reserve Economic Data.

2. In the search field, enter “Real broad exchange rate.” Select the rate for the United States to obtain the graph.

3. From the graph, choose “Edit graph,” then under units change the series to “Percent change” and “Annual.”

4. Under “Edit graph,” select “Add line.” Enter “Exports of goods and services in the US” in the search field, select “Real exports of goods and services, billions of chained 2009 dollars, not seasonally adjusted,” and select “Add data series.”

5. Under “Customize data,” enter “Imports of goods and services in the US” in the search field, select “Real imports of goods and services, billions of chained 2009 dollars, not seasonally adjusted,” and select “Add.”

6. Next, under “Customize data,” enter “Gross domestic product” in the search field, and select “Real gross domestic product, billions of chained 2009 dollars.”

7. Finally, under “Customize data,” enter the formula “((a-b)/c)*100” in the formula area to calculate the trade balance as a percentage of GDP.

8. Select “Apply” and change the units to “Percent change.”

9. Repeat steps 1 through 8 for Japan, Brazil, and Korea.

Question 18.1

Although not perfectly correlated, the United States and Japan exhibit more correlation relative to the South Korea and Brazil.
Compare the patterns of the two data series in each country’s graph.
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Question 18.2

The main two determinants of the trade balance are the real exchange rate and foreign income.
Consider the factors that influence the trade balance.
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