Post-World War II art cinema questioned many of the cultural perspectives and values that existed before the war, which Hollywood films exemplified in their use of linear, objective, neatly resolved narratives. Many European postwar films subverted or overturned classical narrative models by featuring characters without direction, seemingly illogical actions, and messier, sometimes surreal plotlines. By turning away from the objective point of view of realist narratives to create more individual styles and tell stories that were more personal than public, this new movement in film resulted in self-reflexive styles that called attention to the very mechanisms of storytelling.