Chapter 11. New Chapter Title

11.1 Section Title

The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) reported that the topography of disease-related deaths has changed over many generations, and that different diseases, both communicable and noncommunicable, are starting to affect communities differently. Specifically, the researchers identify that the typical life expectancy has increased on a global scale, which means there are now different, previously unknown risks and causes of illness due to aging populations. Of specific interest is the researchers’ mention that the “leading causes of death and disability have changed from communicable diseases in children to noncommunicable diseases in adults” (IHME, 2013). The United States and other developed and industrialized nations have seen a stark reduction in maternal, nutritional, and premature child deaths. Third world or developing nations, however, have seen a spike in communicable, maternal, nutritional, and child-related diseases. The IHME implemented the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study to systematically address health concerns related to a number of demographic characteristics. The 2010 GBD study found that the average life expectancy has increased 35 years since 1970 for many industrialized nations, but there is negligible improvement in life expectancy in developing nations such as those in sub-Saharan Africa.

As part of this exercise, check out the 2013 information at https://www.healthdata.org/sites/default/files/files/policy_report/2013/GBD_GeneratingEvidence/IHME_GBD_GeneratingEvidence_FullReport.pdf, then prepare answers to the following questions: