Section 1: Multiple-
Choose the best answer for questions 1–
1. Which is a cause of declining global biodiversity?
Pollution
Habitat loss
Overharvesting
I
I and II
I and III
II and III
I, II, and III
2. Which statement about global biodiversity is correct?
Species diversity is decreasing but genetic diversity is increasing.
Species diversity is decreasing and genetic diversity is decreasing.
Species diversity is increasing but genetic diversity is decreasing.
Declines in genetic diversity are occurring in wild plants but not in crop plants.
Declines in genetic diversity are occurring in crop plants but not in wild plants.
3. Which group of animals is declining in species diversity around the world?
Fish and amphibians
Birds and reptiles
Mammals
I
I and II
I and III
II and III
I, II, and III
4. Which of the following species was historically overharvested?
Brown-
Honeybee
Kudzu vine
Dodo bird
Zebra mussel
5. Which statement is NOT correct regarding the genetic diversity of livestock?
The use of only the most productive breeds improves genetic diversity.
Livestock come from very few species.
The genetic diversity of livestock has declined during the past century.
Different breeds are adapted to different climatic conditions.
Different breeds are adapted to resist different diseases.
6. Which statement is NOT correct about invasive exotic species?
Their populations grow rapidly.
They often have no major predators or herbivores.
Most introduced species become established in new regions.
A well-
A well-
661
7. Which is an example of the single-
The Endangered Species Act
The Marine Mammal Protection Act
The Biosphere Reserve
I
I and II
I and III
II and III
I, II, and III
8. Which is NOT an example of how the Endangered Species Act can affect human activities?
It has been used to prevent new construction.
It has prevented logging in particular areas.
It prevents the killing of listed species.
It prevents the trade of any parts of listed species.
It prevents human use of biosphere reserves.
9. Which principle of island biogeography is NOT correct?
A larger protected area should contain more species.
Protected areas that are closer together should contain more species.
National parks can be thought of as islands of biodiversity.
A larger protected area will have fewer habitats.
Marine reserves can be thought of as islands of biodiversity.
10.In a biosphere reserve
sustainable agriculture and tourism are permitted in different zones.
human activities are allowed throughout the reserve.
human activities are restricted to the central core of the reserve.
no human activities are permitted in a biosphere reserve.
sustainable agriculture is permitted, but tourism is not.
11.Which statement is correct regarding swapping debt for nature?
Protecting land and water is typically not expensive.
Developing countries can pay part of their debt by investing in their own environment.
Developing countries pay their debt to the United States by investing in U.S. national parks.
Having a plan to improve the economy of a developing country is not important.
The only expense of protecting biodiversity is the purchase of an area.
Section 2: Free-
Write your answer to each part clearly. Support your answers with relevant information and examples. Where calculations are required, show your work.
1. The conservation of biodiversity is an international problem.
Name and describe one U.S. law that is intended to prevent the extinction of species. (4 points)
Name and describe one international treaty that is intended to prevent the extinction of species. (4 points)
Explain the benefits of taking an ecosystem approach, as opposed to a single-
2. Tropical rainforests are home to a tremendous diversity of species. You have been asked to develop a plan to protect this diversity.
Describe the advantages and disadvantages of protecting a single large area versus several small areas. (2 points)
How might increasing the amount of edge habitat affect species that typically live deep in the forest? (3 points)
Discuss the merits of preserving individual species that are threatened and endangered versus preserving the function of the ecosystem. (3 points)
Describe three characteristics of organisms that would make them particularly vulnerable to extinction. (2 points)