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module61REVIEW

In this module, we learned that efforts to conserve biodiversity focus on either single species or entire ecosystems. The single-species approach is often the approach taken by conservation legislation. In the United States, single-species legislation includes the Marine Mammal Protection Act and the Endangered Species Act. Internationally, there are treaties that protect species, including CITES and the Convention on Biological Diversity. A number of conservation efforts have focused on protecting entire ecosystems by considering the concepts of island biogeography and metapopulations. To reach a compromise between complete protection, on the one hand, and human use of habitats, on the other, scientists have developed the concept of biosphere reserves in which core areas receive greater protection while outer areas are allowed to have sustainable impacts.

Module 61 AP® Review Questions

Question 1

1. The Marine Mammal Protection Act

  1. allows states to make exceptions regarding the killing of marine mammals.

  2. was passed primarily to protect whales.

  3. prohibits the killing of all marine mammals.

  4. allows the import of marine mammal body parts.

  5. protects sharks as well as marine mammals.

Question 2

2. Which is NOT true of the Endangered Species Act?

  1. It is an example of the single-species approach to conservation.

  2. It prohibits the hunting or harvesting of some listed species.

  3. It includes the development of recovery plans for listed species.

  4. It uses a different definition for threatened than the IUCN.

  5. It has resulted in the delisting of several species after successful population growth.

Question 3

3. Problems with protecting many small habitats include

  1. increased proportions of edge habitats.

  2. increased dispersal between populations.

  3. the need for corridors between some protected species.

  1. I only

  2. I and III only

  3. II only

  4. II and III only

  5. III only

Question 4

4. Which is a trend identified by the Convention on Biological Diversity between 2002 and 2010?

  1. Over half of threatened species have moved away from extinction.

  2. Very few plant species are at risk of extinction.

  3. The genetic diversity of crops is increasing.

  4. Marine species are affected most by recent biodiversity losses.

  5. The human ecological footprint has increased.

Question 5

5. According to the theory of island biogeography

  1. when conservation areas are close to each other, more species will persist.

  2. species on islands far from the mainland are at the least risk of extinction.

  3. multiple small conservation areas will protect species better than one large area of the same size.

  4. conservation areas should be connected with corridors to increase migration.

  5. edge habitat is important to protect for increased diversity.

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