Chapter 7 AP® Environmental Science Practice Exam

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Section 1: Multiple-Choice Questions

Choose the best answer for questions 1–12.

Question 1

1. Which of the following does NOT support the theory that humans can devise ways to expand their carrying capacity on Earth?

  1. The development of CFCs for use in refrigeration

  2. The development of hydraulic fracturing to reach natural gas reserves

  3. The use of arrows for hunting animals

  4. The use of horse-driven plows

  5. The use of waste methane from landfills for electricity generation

Question 2

2. A metropolitan region of 100,000 people has 2,000 births, 500 deaths, 200 emigrants, and 100 immigrants over a 1-year period. Its population growth rate is

  1. 1.2 percent.

  2. 1.4 percent.

  3. 1.6 percent.

  4. 1.8 percent.

  5. 2.0 percent.

Question 3

3. Which of the following pairs of indicators best reflects the availability of health care in a country?

  1. Crude death rate and growth rate

  2. Crude death rate and crude birth rate

  3. Growth rate and life expectancy

  4. Infant mortality rate and crude death rate

  5. Infant mortality rate and life expectancy

Question 4

4. In 2013, the population of Earth was about _____ billion, with about _____ billion living in China.

  1. 6.1/1.1

  2. 6.1/1.2

  3. 6.3/1.4

  4. 7.1/1.2

  5. 7.1/1.4

Use the following age structure diagram to answer question 5.

image

Question 5

5. A country with an age structure diagram like the one shown is most likely experiencing

  1. a high life expectancy.

  2. slow population growth.

  3. a short doubling time.

  4. a low infant mortality rate.

  5. replacement-level fertility.

Question 6

6. Which statement about total fertility rate is correct?

  1. TFR is equal to the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.

  2. TFR is the average number of children each woman must have to replace the current population.

  3. TFR is generally higher in developed countries than in developing countries.

  4. TFR is equal to the growth rate of a country.

  5. TFR is the average number of children each woman will give birth to during her childbearing years.

Question 7

7. Even if a country reduces its birth rate and maintains replacement-level fertility, its population will still continue to grow for several decades because of

  1. lower death rates.

  2. increased income.

  3. population momentum.

  4. better health care.

  5. increased life expectancy.

Question 8

8. At current growth rates, which country will probably be the most populous in the world after 2050?

  1. China

  2. Brazil

  3. India

  4. Indonesia

  5. United States

Question 9

9. Which characteristics are typical of developed countries?

  1. High technology use

  2. Low GDP

  3. Small-scale sustainable agriculture

  1. I only

  2. II only

  3. I and III only

  4. II and III only

  5. I, II, and III

Question 10

10.What percentage of the world’s population lives in developing countries?

  1. 34

  2. 50

  3. 66

  4. 82

  5. 98

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Question 11

11.Which country best exemplifies phase 4 of a demographic transition?

  1. Argentina

  2. China

  3. India

  4. Japan

  5. Mexico

Question 12

12.As Brazil has become more developed and industrialized, its population growth has stabilized. At the same time, the use of technology and raw materials has increased to meet the demands of a wealthier and more prosperous population. This increased consumption is predicted by

  1. Thomas Malthus.

  2. the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.

  3. the theory of demographic transition.

  4. the IPAT equation.

  5. population momentum.

Section 2: Free-Response Questions

Write your answer to each part clearly. Support your answers with relevant information and examples. Where calculations are required, show your work.

Question 1

1. Answer the following questions about the theory of demographic transition.

  1. Draw a fully labeled diagram that shows how birth and death rates change as a country undergoes the four phases of a demographic transition. (3 points)

  2. For each of the phases labeled in your diagram, explain the changes occurring in each phase and describe what is causing them. (3 points)

  3. Describe a strategy that a government might implement to slow its population growth that could be utilized by a country undergoing a demographic transition. Explain how your proposed strategy would work, and describe one potential drawback to its implementation. (4 points)

Question 2

2. Look at the age structure diagrams for country A and country B below and answer the following questions.

image
image

  1. What observations and educated predictions can you make about the following characteristics of country A?

    1. The age structure of its population (1 point)

    2. The total fertility rate of the country (1 point)

    3. The life expectancy of the population (1 point)

    4. The growth rate and doubling time of the population (2 points)

  2. Describe one socioeconomic feature of country A. (2 points)

  3. Explain how country B differs from country A in terms of

    1. the age structure of its population. (1 point)

    2. its infant mortality rate. (1 point)

    3. its rate of population growth. (1 point)