Unit 7 AP^® Environmental Science Practice Exam

1. Settled sludge will be more sterile and dispersed into the leach field.

2. Sludge has started to accumulate in the leach field.

3. Sludge has started to accumulate faster in the septic tank.

4. There is a lower abundance of pathogens in groundwater.

5. The septage released from the septic tank is cleaner and safer for the environment.

1. Mercury-based compounds that are absorbed by marine plankton

2. Inorganic or synthetic mercury-based compounds

3. Wetlands with mercury concentrations below the legal limit set by the EPA

1. I only

2. II only

3. I and II

4. II and III

5. I, II, and III

1. is preferred over the use of hot water sprayers.

2. can prevent oil from reaching the shorelines.

3. removes the oil from the ocean.

4. is less environmentally friendly than the use of oil-consuming, genetically modified bacteria.

5. is an effective way to slow the damage of oil plumes.

1. lead to respiratory problems in aquatic animals.

2. contaminate waterways with heavy metals.

3. decrease the transparency of water.

4. lower the temperature of water.

5. harm fish in the open ocean.

1. Levels of arsenic in drinking water

2. Septage disposal from sewage treatment plants

3. Nonpoint sources of oil pollution

4. Levels of giardia in headwater streams

5. Inorganic chemicals in groundwater

1. Carbon dioxide, methane, lead

2. Particulate matter, nitrogen oxide, nitrogen dioxide

3. Nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone

4. VOC, mercury, carbon dioxide

5. Nitrate, ozone, sulfate

1. Primary production

2. Combustion of gasoline

3. Industrial release of CO₂

4. A thermal inversion

5. Intense sunlight

1. selling sulfur emission credits.

2. increasing the temperature at which coal is combusted.

3. installing catalytic converters in cars.

4. installing fabric filters in smokestacks.

5. using electrostatic precipitators.
   
   

1. O, O₂, chlorofluorocarbon, 2O₂

2. O, 2O, UV-C, O + O₃

3. O, O₂, energy, O₃

4. Chlorofluorocarbon, O₂, chlorofluorocarbon, O₃

5. O, O₂ chlorofluorocarbon, O + O₃

1. Replacing asbestos insulation with more modern insulating material

2. Installing energy efficient windows

3. Using hardwood flooring instead of carpeting

4. Installing carbon monoxide detectors

5. Using paint with low amounts of volatile organic carbon

1. Packaging products in recyclable material

2. Increasing production of reusable materials

3. Lowering the cost of disposable products

4. Manufacturing products that are less durable

5. Decreasing the production of composite materials

1. the recycling of a product into the same product.

2. the recycling of a product into a product that will enter a different waste stream.

3. the recycling of a product into compost.

4. a process where only part of the waste is ultimately recycled.

5. a process where one product is recycled into a different product.

1. NIMBY politics

2. Distance of landfill from homes

3. Local hydrology

4. Major type of consumer waste

5. NPP of habitat
   
   

1. 1 ton

2. 1.5 tons

3. 2 tons

4. 4 tons

5. 6 tons

1. collects taxes from chemical and petroleum industries to fund the cleanup of abandoned waste sites where responsible parties cannot be established.

2. collects taxes from chemical and petroleum industries to regulate the proper disposal of hazardous waste by small, local businesses.

3. provides a fund to help both large and small industries to train workers properly on methods of disposing hazardous substances.

4. provides a fund to help industries design environmental responses to emergencies involving the accidental release of hazardous waste.

5. distributes money from varying government agencies to chemical and petroleum industries.

1. Integrating the waste management goals of several small townships into a regional waste management plan.

2. Developing a nationwide program to handle hazardous waste materials.

3. Training waste management workers on how to sort recyclables from nonrecyclables.

4. Simultaneously developing several waste management strategies to reduce the amount of waste that must be incinerated or placed in landfills.

5. Collecting state taxes to fund the development of more landfills.

1. they can be sexually transmitted.

2. they have been largely eradicated from developed nations.

3. they originated from an animal other than humans.

4. humans infected with these diseases cannot be cured.

5. they are all coronaviruses.
   
   

1. 10 mg

2. 20 mg

3. 40 mg

4. 100 mg

5. 200 mg

1. 0.1

2. 0.2

3. 0.3

4. 0.5

5. 0.6

1. Route of contaminant exposure

2. Solubility of a contaminant in water

3. Synergistic interactions with other contaminants

4. Biomagnification of a contaminant

5. Persistence of a contaminant in water
   
   

1. Explain two reasons why the release of sulfur gases poses an environmental and health risk. (2 points)

2. Name two reasons the leakage of manure from lagoons or the overspraying of manure on agricultural fields poses environmental risks for nearby soils, streams, and lakes. (2 points)

3. Suggest a retrospective study that could be conducted to determine the effect of manure lagoons on nearby residents. (2 points)

4. List two possible ways to determine if there is leakage in the soil surrounding a manure lagoon. (2 points)

5. Which two legislative acts require remediation of groundwater and stream water in cases where a manure lagoon leak occurs? (2 points)

1. Describe the chemical process that generates smog, and how backyard incinerators are likely to contribute to that process. (2 points)

2. How would limiting the incineration of trash to the hours between 4 AM and 7 AM potentially reduce the production of smog? (2 points)

3. Define a thermal inversion and describe how it affects smog. (2 points)

4. Much of the ash from backyard incinerators was either used in gardens or disposed of in landfills. What is the environmental risk of this practice? (2 points)

5. How do modern incinerators control the release of both bottom and fly ash? (2 points)