Multiple Intelligences
Another way of measuring how we learn is the theory of multiple intelligences, which suggests that all human beings have at least eight different types of intelligence. This theory was developed in 1983 by Dr. Howard Gardner, a professor of education at Harvard University. Gardner’s theory is based on the idea that the traditional definition of human intelligence is very limited. Gardner argues that students should be encouraged to develop the abilities they have and that evaluation should measure all forms of intelligence.
Gardner’s work is controversial because it questions our traditional definitions of intelligence. According to Gardner’s theory, all human beings have at least eight different types of intelligence, as follows:
- A verbal/linguistic learner likes to read, write, and tell stories and is good at memorizing information.
- A logical/mathematical learner likes to work with numbers and is good at problem-solving and logical processes.
- A visual/spatial learner likes to draw and play with machines and is good at puzzles and reading maps and charts.
- A bodily/kinesthetic learner likes to move around and is good at sports, dance, and acting.
- A musical/rhythmic learner likes to sing and play an instrument and is good at remembering melodies and noticing pitches and rhythms.
- An interpersonal learner likes to have many friends and is good at understanding people, leading others, and mediating conflicts.
- An intrapersonal learner likes to work alone, understands himself or herself well, and is an original thinker.
- A naturalistic learner likes to be outside and is good at preservation, conservation, and organizing a living area.
YOUR TURN > DISCUSS IT
What is the meaning of the term intelligence? Name some people you consider to be intelligent.
YOUR TURN > ON YOUR OWN
Pick a challenge you are facing right now. How many of the eight intelligences could help you deal with this challenge? List those here. To complete this activity, download a copy here.