| Characteristics | Actions | Study Strategies |
| Extraversion | - Act on your plan.
- Do whatever it takes.
| - Create note cards and outlines.
- Form or join study groups.
- If you are working on a paper, start writing now.
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| Introversion | - Think it through.
- Before you take any action, carefully review everything.
| - Create mind maps.
- Study independently.
- Find a quiet study space.
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| Sensing | - Get the facts.
- Use sensing to find and learn the facts.
- Look for the evidence for what is being said.
| - Use diagrams and outlines.
- Take notes and create flash cards.
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| Intuition | - Get the ideas.
- Identify the reasons for facts being presented.
- Use intuition to consider what those facts mean.
- Determine what concepts and ideas are being supported by those facts.
- Think about the implications.
| - Study in blocks of time.
- Use your creativity.
- Consider the big picture.
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| Thinking | - Critically analyze.
- Use thinking to analyze the pros and cons of what is being presented.
- Identify the gaps in the evidence.
| - Focus on the logic of the presented information.
- Determine if the facts really support the conclusions.
- Think of alternative explanations.
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| Feeling | - Make informed value judgments.
- Determine the importance of the material.
- Form your personal opinion.
| - Find connections in the material.
- Study with strong and motivated students.
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| Judging | - Organize and plan.
- Don't just plan in your head, either; write your plan down, in detail.
| - Study in an organized environment.
- Try different study strategies.
- Keep your notes organized.
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| Perceiving | - Change your plan as needed.
- Be flexible.
- Expect the unexpected.
- Figure out what's wrong, then come up with another plan and start following that.
| - Keep a calendar and mark it with deadlines.
- Complete tasks.
- Don't give up easily.
- Don't procrastinate.
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