Building window collisions

100,000 to 1 billion

Domestic cats

365 million to 1 billion

Power line electrocutions and collisions

100,000 to 175 million

Agricultural pesticides

67 million to 90 million

Automobiles

60 million to 80 million

Communications towers

5 million to 6.8 million

Wind turbines

100,000 to 440,000

Source: Nature 486 (2012): 310–311. Note: These estimates for yearly bird kills are given as a range because actual numbers of bird kills are unknown.