CHAPTER 14 Key Terms
Match each of the terms on the left with its definition on the right. Click on the term first and then click on the matching definition. As you match them correctly, they will move to the bottom of the activity.
’a’ā active volcano aftershock angle of repose ash (volcanic) block (volcanic) bomb (volcanic) caldera cinder cone columnar jointing effusive eruption epicenter extinct volcano fault scarp focus geohazard joint lahar lapilli large igneous province (LIP) liquefaction modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) scale moment magnitude scale normal fault pāhoehoe pumice pyroclast pyroclastic flow reverse fault seismograph shield volcano stratovolcano strike- tsunami volcanic explosivity index (VEI) | A hazard posed to people by the physical Earth. An earthquake ranking system based on the amount of ground movement produced. A large ocean wave triggered by an earthquake or other natural disturbance. The result of compressional force as two fault blocks are pushed together, causing one block to move upward in relation to another block. The transformation of solid sediments into an unstable slurry as a result of ground shaking during an earthquake. A volcano that has not erupted for tens of thousands of years and can never erupt again. A small, cone- An instrument used to detect, measure, and record ground shaking. The result of shearing force as one block moves horizontally in relation to another block. A nonexplosive eruption that produces mostly lava. The result of tensional force as two fault blocks move apart, causing one fault block to slip downward in relation to the other fault block. A lava flow with low viscosity and a smooth, glassy, or ropy surface. A streamlined fragment of lava ejected from a volcano that cooled and hardened as it moved through the air. The steepest angle at which loose sediments can settle. A crack or weak plane in rock. Marble- A fragment of rock from the volcano’s cone that is ejected during an explosive eruption. A small earthquake that follows the main earthquake. A volcano that has erupted during the last 10,000 years and is likely to erupt again. A broad, domed volcano formed from many layers of basaltic lava. A rapidly moving avalanche of searing hot gas and ash. A mafic lava flow with a rough, blocky surface. An accumulation of flood basalts that covers an extensive geographic area. The location on the ground’s surface immediately above the focus of an earthquake, where earthquake intensity is usually greatest. A large, potentially explosive cone- Fine volcanic powder consisting of pulverized rock particles and solidified droplets of lava. A geometric pattern of angular columns that forms from joints in basaltic lava during cooling. An index used to rank volcanic eruptions based on the amount of material a volcano ejects during an eruption. A large depression that forms when a volcano’s magma chamber empties and collapses after the volcano erupts. An earthquake ranking system based on the damage done to structures. A cliff face resulting from the vertical movement of a reverse or normal fault. Any fragment of solid material that is ejected from a volcano, ranging in size from ash to large boulders. A lightweight, porous rock with at least 50% air content, formed from felsic lava. The location of initial movement along a fault during an earthquake. A thick slurry of mud, ash, water, and other debris that flows rapidly down a snow- |