Frontmatter Introduction
F.1 About the Authors
F.2 An Introduction and Note from Peter Gray
F.3 Preface
F.4 Media and Supplements
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Three Fundamental Ideas for Psychology: A Historical Overview
1.2 The Scope of Psychology
1.3 Thoughts About Using This Book and Its Special Features
Chapter 1 Reflections and Connections
Chapter 1 Find Out More
Chapter 2 Introduction
2.1 Lessons from Clever Hans
2.2 Types of Research Strategies
2.3 Statistical Methods in Psychology
2.4 Minimizing Bias in Psychological Research
2.5 Ethical Issues in Psychological Research
Chapter 2 Reflections and Connections
Chapter 2 Find Out More
Chapter 3 Introduction
3.1 Review of Basic Genetic Mechanisms
3.2 Inheritance of Behavioral Traits
3.3 Evolution by Natural Selection
3.4 Natural Selection as a Foundation for Functionalism
3.5 Natural Selection as a Foundation for Understanding Species-Typical Behaviors
3.6 Evolutionary Analyses of Mating Patterns
3.7 Evolutionary Analyses of Hurting and Helping
Chapter 3 Reflections and Connections
Chapter 3 Find Out More
Chapter 4 Introduction
4.1 Classical Conditioning
4.2 Operant Conditioning
4.3 Beyond Classical and Operant Theories of Learning: Play, Exploration, and Observation
4.4 Specialized Learning Abilities: Filling the Blanks in Species-Typical Behavior Patterns
Chapter 4 Reflections and Connections
Chapter 4 Find Out More
Chapter 5 Introduction
5.1 Neurons: The Building Blocks of the Brain
5.2 Methods of Mapping the Brain’s Behavioral Functions
5.3 Functional Organization of the Nervous System
5.4 Asymmetry of Higher Functions of the Cerebral Cortex
5.5 Changes in the Brain Over Time
Chapter 5 Reflections and Connections
Chapter 5 Find Out More
Chapter 6 Introduction
6.1 General Principles of Motivation
6.2 Reward Mechanisms of the Brain
6.3 Hunger: An Example of a Regulatory Drive
6.4 Sex: An Example of a Nonregulatory Drive
6.5 The Sleep Drive
6.6 Foundations for Understanding Emotions
Chapter 6 Reflections and Connections
Chapter 6 Find Out More
Chapter 7 Introduction
7.1 Overview of Sensory Processes
7.2 Psychophysics
7.3 Smell
7.4 Taste
7.5 Pain
7.6 Hearing
Chapter 7 Reflections and Connections
Chapter 7 Find Out More
Chapter 8 Introduction
8.1 How the Eye Works
8.2 Seeing Colors
8.3 Development and Plasticity of the Visual System
8.4 Seeing Forms, Patterns, and Objects
8.5 Seeing in Three Dimensions
8.6 Multisensory Perception: Combining Senses
Chapter 8 Reflections and Connections
Chapter 8 Find Out More
Chapter 9 Introduction
9.1 Overview: An Information-Processing Model of the Mind
9.2 Attention: The Portal to Consciousness
9.3 Working Memory: The Active, Conscious Mind
9.4 Executive Functions
9.5 Memory as the Representation of Knowledge
9.6 Memory as the Process of Remembering
9.7 Retrieving Information from Long-Term Memory
Chapter 9 Reflections and Connections
Chapter 9 Find Out More
Chapter 10 Introduction
10.1 How People Reason I: Fast and Slow Thinking, Analogies, and Induction
10.2 How People Reason II: Deduction and Insight
10.3 Cross-Cultural Differences in Perception and Reasoning
10.4 The Practice and Theory of Intelligence Testing
10.5 Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Intelligence
Chapter 10 Reflections and Connections
Chapter 10 Find Out More
Chapter 11 Introduction
11.1 Physical Development
11.2 How Infants Learn About the Environment
11.3 Three Theories of Children’s Mental Development
11.4 Children’s Understanding of Minds
11.5 The Nature of Language and Children’s Early Linguistic Abilities
11.6 Internal and External Supports for Language Development
Chapter 11 Reflections and Connections
Chapter 11 Find Out More
Chapter 12 Introduction
12.1 Infancy: Using Caregivers as a Base for Growth
12.2 Helping, Comforting, and Learning from Others in Childhood
12.3 Parenting Styles
12.4 The Roles of Play and Gender in Development
12.5 Adolescence: Breaking Out of the Cocoon
12.6 Adulthood: Finding Satisfaction in Love and Work
Chapter 12 Reflections and Connections
Chapter 12 Find Out More
Chapter 13 Introduction
13.1 Forming Impressions of Other People
13.2 Perceptions Perceiving and Evaluating the Self
13.3 Perceiving Ourselves and Others as Members of Groups
13.4 Attitudes: Their Origins and Their Effects on Behavior
Chapter 13 Reflections and Connections
Chapter 13 Find Out More
Chapter 14 Introduction
14.1 Effects of Being Observed and Evaluated
14.2 Effects of Others’ Examples and Opinions
14.3 Effects of Others’ Requests
14.4 To Cooperate or Not: Prosocial Behavior and the Dilemma of Social Life
Chapter 14 Reflections and Connections
Chapter 14 Find Out More
Chapter 15 Introduction
15.1 Personality as Behavioral Dispositions, or Traits
15.2 Personality as Adaptation to Life Conditions
15.3 Personality as Mental Processes I: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Views
15.4 Personality as Mental Processes II: Social-Cognitive Views
Chapter 15 Reflections and Connections
Chapter 15 Find Out More
Chapter 16 Introduction
16.1 Problems in Identifying Mental Disorders
16.2 Causes of Mental Disorders
16.3 Anxiety Disorders
16.4 Mood Disorders
16.5 Schizophrenia
16.6 Personality Disorders
Chapter 16 Reflections and Connections
Chapter 16 Find Out More
Chapter 17 Introduction
17.1 Care as a Social Issue
17.2 Biological Treatments
17.3 Psychotherapy I: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Therapies
17.4 Psychotherapy II: Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies
17.5 Evaluating Psychotherapies
Chapter 17 Reflections and Connections
Chapter 17 Find Out More
Appendix Introduction
A-1.1 Organizing and Summarizing a Set of Scores
A-1.2 Converting Scores for Purposes of Comparison
A-1.3 Supplement on Psychophysical Scaling
Glossary
References