The production of this book, spanning over a decade, was very much a large-
First, we would like to thank the leader of the Worth team, Chris Cardone, Worth’s Senior Acquisitions Editor for Psychology. We greatly appreciate her passion for this project, her dedication to making it a success, and her wise guidance throughout the process. Although Chris has overseen the bulk of development and production of this book, we also owe a debt of gratitude to prior editors Marge Byers, who energetically first set us on the path toward this book, and Erik Gilg, who kept the ball rolling until Chris took over.
A critical moment in the progress of this book occurred when Valerie Raymond graciously agreed to become our development editor. She enthusiastically embraced our vision for this book and has in our view done a great job helping to turn our presentations of the field’s knowledge into a pedagogically sound textbook. Valerie was a sheer pleasure to work with, and we wouldn’t have wanted anyone else helping us cut our chapter drafts in half!
We have worked extensively with a number of other helpful, pleasant, and hardworking people at Worth who have had a hand in sculpting this textbook. Thanks to the very talented copy editor Barbara Curialle for improving our sentences, catching our typos, and generally polishing our writing. Thanks to Senior Project Editor Jane O’Neill for overseeing the transformation from Word documents into beautifully laid out textbook pages. Thanks to Photo Editor Cecilia Varas and Photo Researcher Teri Stratford for the great work they have done assisting with the visual highlights of the book.
Beyond these individuals, with whom we worked directly, many other people at Worth have helped with the production or marketing of the book. Thus, our thanks go out to Production Manager Sarah Segal, Digital Development Manager Adam Feil, Senior Tech Advisor Gayle Yamazaki, Associate Publisher Jessica Bayne, Executive Media Editor Rachel Comerford, Associate Media Editor Anthony Casciano, Director of Rights and Permissions Hilary Newman, Permissions Manager Jennifer MacMillan, Executive Marketing Manager Kate Nurre, Cover Designer Kevin Kall, Art Manager Matt McAdams, Assistant Editor Catherine Michaelsen, Stephanie Ellis and Carlise Stembridge in Market Development, Director of Advertising Todd Elder, Promotions Manager Iris Elam, and National Sales Specialist Kari Ewalt.
In our professional lives, our efforts in writing this book have been supported and improved by many people along the way. This book’s emphasis on conceptual organization and the fundamental motives that guide human behavior reflects the influence of Jack Brehm. Our vision for the book, especially the first two chapters, was helped substantially by the input of our colleagues Sheldon Solomon and Tom Pyszczynski. Many thanks also to current graduate student Uri Lifshin for his excellent work helping us to put together the massive reference section. Sincere thanks as well to Josh Hicks, Liz Pinel, Clay Routledge, Lyra Stein, Daniel Sullivan, and Meg Kozak Williams for their high-
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In addition, we would like to thank the faculty and staff at the institutions that provided the foundation of our development as social psychologists, and the schools that currently support our work (in alphabetical order): Skidmore College; Southern Methodist University; the State University of New York at Buffalo; the University of Arizona; the University of British Columbia; the University of California, Santa Barbara; the University of Colorado, Colorado Springs; the University of Kansas; the University of Missouri; the University of Pennsylvania; and Washington and Jefferson College.
And before we entered the halls of colleges and universities, the loving support and encouragement of our parents were instrumental for each of us in our pursuit of scholarly careers. So we wish to express our deep and sincere thanks to Murray and Edith Greenberg, Mary Alice and Len Schmader, Charles and Melinda Arndt, and Sara Landau.
Next, we would like to thank the faculty who reviewed our manuscript at various stages:
Kristin Anderson, University of Houston, Downtown
Shane Bench, Washington State University
Brooke Bennett-
John Bickford, University of Massachusetts Amherst
Ryan Brunner, Westminster College
Clara Cheng, Carlow University
Florette Cohen, College of Staten Island
Traci Craig, University of Idaho
Alex Czopp, Western Washington University
Danielle Dickens, University of Georgia
Scott Eidelman, University of Arkansas
Yuna Ferguson, Truman State University
Eli Finkel, Northwestern University
Kathleen Geher, State University of New York at New Paltz
Bryan Gibson, Central Michigan University
Peter Glick, Lawrence University
Lisa Harrison, California State University, Sacramento
William Hart, University of Alabama
Brian Harward, Palomar College
Elaine Hatfield, University of Hawaii
Mahzad Hojjat, University of Massachusetts
Alisha Janowsky, University of Central Florida
Stephen Kilianski, Rutgers University
Robin Kowalski, Clemson University
Jennifer Leszczynski, Eastern Connecticut State University
Jill Lorenzi, Virginia Tech
Keith Maddox, Tufts University
Keith Maddox, Tufts University
Lynda Mae, Arizona State University
Molly Maxfield, University of Colorado
Christopher Mazurek, Columbia College
Jared McGinley, Virginia Tech
James McNulty, Florida State University
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Kristin Mickelson, Kent State University
Lisa Molix, Tulane University
Matt Motyl, University of Illinois at Chicago
Paige Muellerleile, Marshall University
Matt Newman, Research Now Group, Inc.
Charles Nichols, Loyola University, New Orleans
Kathryn Oleson, Reed College
Karyn Plumm, University of North Dakota
Heather Price, University of Regina
Anila Putcha-
Alan Roberts, Indiana University
Laura Scherer, University of Missouri
Brandon Schmiechel, St. Louis University
Dylan Selterman, University of Maryland
Nicole Shelton, Princeton University
Curt Sobolewski, The Pennsylvania State University
Mark Stewart, American River College
Michael Strube, Washington University in St. Louis
Heather Terrell, University of North Dakota
Margaret Thomas, Earlham College
Carol Toris, College of Charleston
John Updegraff, Kent State University
Anre Venter, University of Notre Dame
Matthew Vess, Ohio University
Ruth Warner, St. Louis University
Todd Williams, Grand Valley State
The following instructors graciously participated in Worth’s focus groups. We are very grateful for the feedback they provided:
Danny Axsom, Virginia Tech
Lauren Brewer, Stephen F. Austin State University
Ryan P. Brown, The University of Oklahoma
Amy Canevello, University of North Carolina, Charlotte
Don Carlston, Purdue University
Corey L. Cook, Skidmore College
Kathleen Cook, Seattle University
Cinnamon Danube, University of California, Merced
Dorothee Dietrich, Hamline University
Christopher Downing, Virginia Tech
Miriam Eisenberg, National Institutes of Health
Sally Farley, University of Baltimore
Samuel Fung, Austin Peay State University
Amber Garcia, The College of Wooster
Donna Garcia, California State University, San Bernardino
Jonathan Gerber, Gordon College
James Gire, Virginia Military Institute
AnaMarie Guichard, California State University, Stanislaus
Tamara Hamai, Mount St. Mary’s College
Lisa Harrison, California State University, Sacramento
Robert Haynes, Rowan University
Dawn Howerton, Marshall University
Jaime Kurtz, James Madison University
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Justin J. Lehmiller, Harvard University
Dana Leighton, Hendrix College
Mercedes A. McCormick, Pace University NYC
Abigail Mitchell, Nebraska Wesleyan University
Matt Newman, Research Now Group, Inc.
Wade Rowatt, Baylor University
Marc Setterlund, Alma College
Ryan Smith, Virginia Tech
Lyra Stein, Rutgers University
Elena Stepanova, The University of Southern Mississippi
Ronald Stoffey, Kutztown University of Pennsylvania
Laura E. VanderDrift, Syracuse University
Todd Williams, Grand Valley State University
Monica Wilson, National University
Jennifer Zimmerman, DePaul University
We would also like to thank the following professors who class tested sample chapters:
Catherine Cottrell, New College of Florida
Lauren Coursey, University of Texas at Arlington
Karen Douglas, San Antonio College
Michael Ekema-
Heather LaCost, Waubonsee Community College
Paige Muellerleile, Marshall University
Elena Reigadas, Los Angeles Harbor College
Amy Smith, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
Stephanie Smith, Ohio University
Melissa Streeter, University of North Carolina at Wilmington
Lora Vasiliauskas, Virginia Western Community College
Most sincerely,
Jeff, Toni, Jamie, and Mark