Chapter . Implicit Association Test

Video Summary

If you asked, most people would claim to have no biases against others—yet we have abundant evidence that such bias still exists. Are people lying? Maybe, but the Implicit Association Test (IAT) reveals that people could honestly believe they’re unbiased, yet possess biases just the same. The IAT measures the time it takes to categorize faces or words, indicating unconscious biases that may exist. However, as Brian Nosek and Mahzarin Banaji mention, thinking about exemplars and shaping our environment can shape these biases and how they are expressed consciously.

Question

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Correct!
Sorry, your answer is incorrect. Roger may or may not be racist—the IAT signals unconscious bias, not consciously held beliefs.
The IAT can be used to assess a variety of implicit associations. The video clip showed examples that dealt with gender and with race.
First, the IAT’s score doesn’t indicate racism, but rather an implicit (i.e.; unconscious) association between terms. Roger may associate African-American faces with negative words, but that doesn’t demand that he consciously feel, act, or think in ways consistent with racist attitudes. Second, it appears the test is very reliable; both of the designers (Banaji and Nosek) have shown consistent associations over time
The IAT’s score doesn’t indicate racism, but rather an implicit (i.e.; unconscious) association between terms. Roger may associate African-American faces with negative words, but that doesn’t demand that he consciously feel, act, or think in ways consistent with racist attitudes.

Question

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Correct!
Sorry, your answer is incorrect. The correct answer is reaction time.
If anything, the IAT is dealing with a lack of conscious awareness—it is the implicit association test, after all!
Race/ethnicity is an independent variable here.
Bias is what the IAT is attempting to demonstrate, but it’s not measuring that directly. Rather, it’s using reaction time (i.e.; how quickly you can press the buttons) as a way of getting at bias.

Question

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Correct!
Sorry, your answer is incorrect. Their score would remain relatively stable.
There is no indication that people would move up or down the scale over multiple iterations of the test.
Note that the two researchers in the video, Banaji and Nosek, show biases that run counter to their consciously held beliefs despite a great familiarity with and use of the instrument.
There is no indication that people would move up or down the scale over multiple iterations of the test.

Question

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Correct!
Sorry, your answer is incorrect. Thinking about positive exemplars from the group against which bias exists prior to the test would account for less racial bias than previous scores.
Regression to the mean would suggest a person’s initial score was somehow abnormally high, leading to a decrease on subsequent assessments. This is theoretically possible, but such a likelihood is not mentioned in the video as the question demanded.
Simple repetition of a general statement like this one isn’t likely to make a lot of difference.
The word pairings and faces are randomly combined; successful prediction is highly unlikely.

Question

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Correct!
Sorry, your answer is incorrect. We can reduce implicit biases by changing the social or cognitive environment of the person immediately prior to or during the testing situation.
While it seems like there is some stability to people’s implicit biases—note Banaji and Nosek’s elevated scores over time—other research discussed at the end of the video shows that people’s biases can be altered in ways that reduce bias. For example, thinking of exemplary African-Americans before taking the test can reduce the implicit bias shown.
While biases may be reinforcing in theory, in practice most people would not be reinforced for holding biased (negative) associations for other groups.
It appears, according to Banaji, that relatively simple methods, like having a female experimenter, could reduce bias against women. It doesn’t appear difficult at all.