Chapter 4 Practice Test Questions

Study Guide

The following are practice multiple-choice test questions on some of the chapter content. Click the Show Answer button below each question to see the answer. If you guessed on a question or incorrectly answered a question, restudy the relevant section of the chapter.

Question 4.30

1.

In Pavlov’s classical conditioning research, a tone was used as the ____, and food inserted in the mouth served as the ____.

  1. UCS; CS

  2. CS; UCS

  3. UCR; CR

  4. CR; UCR

b; CS; UCS

Question 4.31

2.

In classical conditioning, the diminishing of the CR following removal of the UCS is called ____.

  1. acquisition

  2. discrimination

  3. extinction

  4. generalization

c; extinction

Question 4.32

3.

In stimulus generalization in classical conditioning, the strength of the CR ____, as the similarity of the generalization stimulus to the ____ increases.

  1. increases; CS

  2. decreases; CS

  3. increases; UCS

  4. decreases; UCS

a; increases; CS

Question 4.33

4.

In reinforcement, the probability of a behavior ____; in punishment the probability of a behavior ____.

  1. increases; increases

  2. increases; decreases

  3. decreases; increases

  4. decreases; decreases

b; increases; decreases

197

Question 4.34

5.

Negative reinforcement occurs when an ____ stimulus is ____.

  1. appetitive; presented

  2. appetitive; removed

  3. aversive; presented

  4. aversive; removed

d; aversive; removed

Question 4.35

6.

Which of the following is the best example of a primary reinforcer?

  1. a cheeseburger

  2. a grade of “A” on an exam

  3. praise from your teacher

  4. winning the lottery

a; a cheeseburger

Question 4.36

7.

The stimulus in whose presence a response will be reinforced is called the stimulus ____ in operant conditioning.

  1. generalization

  2. discriminative

  3. acquisition

  4. extinction

b; discriminative

Question 4.37

8.

Piecework in a factory is an example of a ____ schedule of reinforcement; a slot machine is an example of a ____ schedule of reinforcement.

  1. variable-ratio; fixed-interval

  2. fixed-interval; variable-ratio

  3. fixed-ratio; variable-ratio

  4. variable-ratio; fixed-ratio

c; fixed-ratio; variable-ratio

Question 4.38

9.

The Brelands’ difficulties in training animals were the result of ____.

  1. the partial-reinforcement effect

  2. instinctual drift

  3. a token economy

  4. latent learning

b; instinctual drift

Question 4.39

10.

Tolman’s research with rats in mazes indicated the occurrence of ____.

  1. observational learning

  2. latent learning

  3. the partial-reinforcement effect

  4. instinctual drift

b; latent learning

Question 4.40

11.

Which of the following is an example of a secondary reinforcer?

  1. money

  2. a money order

  3. a check

  4. all of the above

d; all of the above

Question 4.41

12.

The ____ effect is a decrease in an intrinsically motivated behavior after the behavior is extrinsically reinforced and the reinforcement discontinued.

  1. overjustification

  2. partial reinforcement

  3. shaping

  4. instinctual drift

a; overjustification

Question 4.42

13.

A steep cumulative record in operant conditioning indicates ____, and a flat cumulative record indicates ____.

  1. a slow rate of responding; no responding

  2. a slow rate of responding; a fast rate of responding

  3. a fast rate of responding; no responding

  4. a fast rate of responding; a slow rate of responding

c; a fast rate of responding; no responding

Question 4.43

14.

The results of Bandura’s Bobo doll studies illustrate ____, and Tolman and Honzik’s studies of latent learning indicate the importance of ____ in maze learning by rats.

  1. observational learning; the overjustification effect

  2. observational learning; cognitive maps

  3. the partial-reinforcement effect; the overjustification effect

  4. the partial-reinforcement effect; cognitive maps

b; observational learning; cognitive maps

Question 4.44

15.

Continuing to take Advil because it alleviates headaches is an example of ____, and no longer parking in “No Parking” zones because you lost money in fines for doing so is an example of ____.

  1. positive punishment; positive reinforcement

  2. positive reinforcement; positive punishment

  3. negative punishment; negative reinforcement

  4. negative reinforcement; negative punishment

d; negative reinforcement; negative punishment