Chapter 6 Practice Test Questions

Study Guide

The following are practice multiple-choice test questions on some of the chapter content. Click the Show Answer button below each question to see the answer. If you guessed on a question or incorrectly answered a question, restudy the relevant section of the chapter.

Question 6.30

1.

The tendency to think of only the most typical uses of objects in a problem setting is called ______.

  1. fixation

  2. mental set

  3. functional fixedness

  4. confirmation bias

c; functional fixedness

Question 6.31

2.

If you compute the area of a room by using the formula length × width = area, you are using a(n)/the ______.

  1. algorithm

  2. heuristic

  3. conjunction rule

  4. anchoring and adjustment heuristic

a; algorithm

Question 6.32

3.

The representativeness heuristic leads us to ______.

  1. judge the probability of an event in terms of its prominence in memory

  2. judge the probability of category membership by resemblance to the category

  3. seek only evidence that confirms our beliefs

  4. maintain our beliefs even though we have been given evidence that contradicts them

b; judge the probability of category membership by resemblance to the category

Question 6.33

4.

Overestimating the probability of dying in an airplane crash is likely the result of using the ______.

  1. representativeness heuristic

  2. availability heuristic

  3. anchoring heuristic

  4. conjunction rule

b; availability heuristic

Question 6.34

5.

In the 2-4-6 task, participants demonstrate ______ in testing their hypotheses.

  1. mental set

  2. confirmation bias

  3. person-who reasoning

  4. belief perseverance

b; confirmation bias

Question 6.35

6.

Mistakenly believing that two events are related is called ______.

  1. functional fixedness

  2. illusory correlation

  3. the Flynn effect

  4. the conjunction fallacy

b; illusory correlation

Question 6.36

7.

Which of the following statements about test reliability and validity is false?

  1. A test can be reliable and valid.

  2. A test can be reliable but not valid.

  3. A test can be valid but not reliable.

  4. A test can be neither reliable nor valid.

c; A test can be valid but not reliable.

282

Question 6.37

8.

The intelligence test scores for ______ are most strongly correlated.

  1. identical twins reared apart

  2. fraternal twins reared together

  3. siblings reared together

  4. unrelated people reared apart

a; identical twins reared apart

Question 6.38

9.

Which of the following intelligence theorists emphasized the g factor?

  1. Sternberg

  2. Gardner

  3. Spearman

  4. Thurstone

c; Spearman

Question 6.39

10.

The Flynn effect refers to the observation that average intelligence test scores in the United States and other Western industrialized nations have ______ over the past century.

  1. increased

  2. decreased

  3. stayed the same

  4. first increased but then decreased

a; increased

Question 6.40

11.

Which of the following intelligence theorists proposed three types of intelligence—analytical, practical, and creative?

  1. Sternberg

  2. Gardner

  3. Thurstone

  4. Spearman

a; Sternberg

Question 6.41

12.

The folding problem in which you were asked to estimate the thickness of a 0.1 millimeter sheet of paper folded in on itself 100 times illustrates how the ______ can lead to dramatic underestimates of the correct answer to an estimation problem.

  1. representativeness heuristic

  2. availability heuristic

  3. anchoring and adjustment heuristic

  4. conjunction rule

c; anchoring and adjustment heuristic

Question 6.42

13.

A person who questions the validity of the research findings that indicate smoking leads to health problems as a result of his knowing someone who has smoked most of their life and has no health problems is using ______.

  1. the representativeness heuristic

  2. the availability heuristic

  3. person-who reasoning

  4. inferential-statistical reasoning

c; person-who reasoning

Question 6.43

14.

A heritability estimate of 100% for intelligence in a given population means that the variation in intelligence for this population is determined ______.

  1. solely by genetics

  2. solely by environmental experiences

  3. 50% by genetics and 50% by environmental experiences

  4. 75% by genetics and 25% by environmental experiences

a; solely by genetics

Question 6.44

15.

In the Linda problem, if you judge that it is more likely that Linda is a bank teller and active in the feminist movement than that Linda is a bank teller, you are likely using the ______ heuristic and committing the ______ fallacy.

  1. availability; gambling

  2. availability; conjunction

  3. representativeness; gambling

  4. representativeness; conjunction

d; representativeness; conjunction