FIGURE 12.2 Forced Slave Migration to the Lower South, 1790–1860
The cotton boom set in motion a vast redistribution of the African American population. Between 1790 and 1860, white planters moved or sold more than a million enslaved people from the Upper to the Lower South, a process that broke up families and long-established black communities. Source: Based on data in Robert William Fogel and Stanley L. Engerman, Time on the Cross: The Economics of American Negro Slavery, by Robert W. Fogel and Stanley L. Engerman. Copyright © 1974 Little Brown and in Speculators and Slaves: Masters, Traders, and Slaves in the Old South, by Michael Tadman, University of Wisconsin Press, 1996.