Quiz for American Voices: The Debate over Free and Slave Labor

Question

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Correct. The answer is a. In his 1858 speech to the Senate, James Henry Hammond argued that slavery was a benevolent institution that provided work and care for African Americans, whom he regarded as “inferior . . . but eminently qualified in temper, in vigor, in docility, in capacity to stand the climate, to answer all her purposes.” Slaves, he suggested, were better situated than free laborers, who suffered from poverty and unemployment.
Incorrect. The answer is a. In his 1858 speech to the Senate, James Henry Hammond argued that slavery was a benevolent institution that provided work and care for African Americans, whom he regarded as “inferior . . . but eminently qualified in temper, in vigor, in docility, in capacity to stand the climate, to answer all her purposes.” Slaves, he suggested, were better situated than free laborers, who suffered from poverty and unemployment.

Question

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Correct. The answer is c. A member of this organization would have argued that poverty can be only a temporary condition in America and that any poor worker could choose to work his or her way into a better situation. He or she would likely have recognized that slavery was, in almost all cases, a permanent condition.
Incorrect. The answer is c. A member of this organization would have argued that poverty can be only a temporary condition in America and that any poor worker could choose to work his or her way into a better situation. He or she would likely have recognized that slavery was, in almost all cases, a permanent condition.

Question

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Correct. The answer is c. Both of these men argued that the conditions endured by manual laborers in the North were actually worse than those under which slaves lived.
Incorrect. The answer is c. Both of these men argued that the conditions endured by manual laborers in the North were actually worse than those under which slaves lived.

Question

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Correct. The answer is b. The author of this editorial suggests that slaves’ lives in the South were better than those of free northern blacks because they had affectionate and meaningful relationships with the whites who protected and respected them.
Incorrect. The answer is b. The author of this editorial suggests that slaves’ lives in the South were better than those of free northern blacks because they had affectionate and meaningful relationships with the whites who protected and respected them.

Question

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Correct. The answer is b. Hammond said, “I cannot free these people & send them North. It would be cruelty to them.” He believed that free blacks in the North suffered more miserable lives than his slaves because of poverty and racism, and he wanted to spare his mistress and her children from that fate.
Incorrect. The answer is b. Hammond said, “I cannot free these people & send them North. It would be cruelty to them.” He believed that free blacks in the North suffered more miserable lives than his slaves because of poverty and racism, and he wanted to spare his mistress and her children from that fate.