Printed Page 477-437-421(cont.)

America’s History: Printed Page 477

America: A Concise History: Printed Page 437

America’s History: Value Edition: Printed Page 421

Chapter Timeline

CHAPTER REVIEW

TIMELINEAsk yourself why this chapter begins and ends with these dates and then identify the links among related events.
1860

  • Abraham Lincoln elected president (November 6)

  • South Carolina secedes (December 20)
1861

  • Lincoln inaugurated (March 4)

  • Confederates fire on Fort Sumter (April 12)

  • Virginia leaves Union (April 17)

  • General Butler declares refugee slaves “contraband of war” (May)

  • Confederates win Battle of Bull Run (July 21)

  • First Confiscation Act (August)
1862

  • Legal Tender Act authorizes greenbacks (February)

  • Union triumphs at Shiloh (April 6–7)

  • Confederacy introduces draft (April)

  • Congress passes Homestead Act and Transcontinental Railroad Act (May, July)

  • Union halts Confederates at Antietam (September 17)

  • Preliminary emancipation proclamation (September 22)
1863

  • Lincoln signs Emancipation Proclamation (January 1)

  • Union wins battles at Gettysburg (July 1–3) and Vicksburg (July 4)

  • Union initiates draft (March), sparking riots in New York City (July)
1864

  • Ulysses S. Grant named Union commander (March)

  • Grant advances on Richmond (May)

  • William Tecumseh Sherman takes Atlanta (September 2)

  • Lincoln reelected (November 8)

  • Sherman marches through Georgia (November and December)
1865

  • Congress approves Thirteenth Amendment (January 31)

  • Robert E. Lee surrenders (April 9)

  • Lincoln assassinated (April 14)

  • Thirteenth Amendment ratified (December 6)

Question

KEY TURNING POINTS: The Emancipation Proclamations (1862/1863); Union victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg (1863); and Sherman’s taking of Atlanta (1864): historians have seen all of these events as important turning points. Assume that one of these events did not happen. What difference would it have made in the military and political struggle between the Union and the Confederacy?