| REVIEW QUESTIONS | Answer these questions to demonstrate your understanding of the chapter’s main ideas. |
How did the rulers of Native American, European, and African empires and kingdoms secure and sustain their power? How did ordinary people benefit from, or suffer under, their rule?
What role did religious and spiritual ideas play in shaping the experience of ordinary people on the three continents?
Why was long-distance trade in exotic goods such an important phenomenon in North America, Europe, and Africa?
Compare the societies of the eastern woodlands of North America with the kingdoms of Western Europe. What similarities do you see? Differences? How do you weigh their relative importance?
THEMATIC UNDERSTANDING Review the events listed under “Peopling” and “Work, Exchange, and Technology” on the thematic timeline. How did contacts among Europeans, Native Americans, and Africans alter the economies of the three continents?