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WORK, EXCHANGE, & TECHNOLOGY |
PEOPLING |
POLITICS & POWER |
IDEAS, BELIEFS, & CULTURE |
IDENTITY |
1763 |
Merchants defy Sugar and Stamp Acts
Patriots mount three boycotts of British goods, in 1765, 1767, and 1774
Boycotts spur Patriot women to make textiles
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Stamp Act Congress (1765)
First Continental Congress (1774)
Second Continental Congress (1775)
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1776 |
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The Declaration of Independence (1776)
States adopt republican constitutions (1776 on)
Articles of Confederation ratified (1781)
Treaty of Paris (1783)
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Judith Sargent Murray publishes “On the Equality of the Sexes” (1779)
Emancipation of slaves begins in the North
Virginia enacts religious freedom (1786)
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1787 |
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State cessions, land ordinances, and Indian wars create national domain in the West
The Alien Act makes it harder for immigrants to become citizens and allow for deporting aliens (1798)
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U.S. Constitution drafted (1787)
Conflict over Alexander Hamilton’s economic policies
First national parties: Federalists and Republicans
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Politicians and ministers deny vote to women; praise republican motherhood
Bill of Rights ratified (1791)
Sedition Act limits freedom of the press (1798)
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Indians form Western Confederacy (1790)
Second Great Awakening (1790–1860)
Emerging political divide between South and North
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1800 |
Cotton output and demand for African labor expands
Farm productivity improves
Embargo encourages U.S. manufacturing
Second Bank of the United States chartered (1816–1836)
Supreme Court guards property
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Suffrage for white men expands; New Jersey retracts suffrage for propertied women (1807)
Atlantic slave trade ends (1808)
American Colonization Society founded (1817)
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Jefferson reduces activism of national government
Chief Justice Marshall asserts federal judicial powers
Triumph of Republican Party and end of Federalist Party
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Tenskwatawa and Tecumseh revive Western Indian Confederacy
War of 1812 tests national unity
State constitutions democratized
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