Printed Page 148-130-128(cont.)

America’s History: Printed Page 148

America: A Concise History: Printed Page 130

America’s History: Value Edition: Printed Page 128

Revolution and Republican Culture

1763–1820

Question

Thematic Understanding This timeline arranges some of the important events of this period into themes. Consider the items listed under the theme “Ideas, Beliefs, and Culture.” How did the American Revolution challenge existing social arrangements? Consider the role of religion in American life, the status of women, and the institution of slavery. What tensions developed as a result of those challenges?
WORK, EXCHANGE, & TECHNOLOGY PEOPLING POLITICS & POWER IDEAS, BELIEFS, & CULTURE IDENTITY
1763

  • Merchants defy Sugar and Stamp Acts

  • Patriots mount three boycotts of British goods, in 1765, 1767, and 1774

  • Boycotts spur Patriot women to make textiles

  • Migration into the Ohio Valley after Pontiac’s Rebellion

  • Quebec Act (1774) allows Catholicism

  • Stamp Act Congress (1765)

  • First Continental Congress (1774)

  • Second Continental Congress (1775)

  • Patriots call for American unity

  • The idea of natural rights poses a challenge to the institution of chattel slavery

  • Concept of popular sovereignty gains force in the colonies

  • Colonists lay claim to rights of Englishmen
1776

  • Manufacturing expands during the war

  • Cutoff of trade and severe inflation threaten economy

  • War debt grows

  • Declining immigration from Europe (1775–1820) enhances American identity

  • African American slaves seek freedom through military service

  • The Declaration of Independence (1776)

  • States adopt republican constitutions (1776 on)

  • Articles of Confederation ratified (1781)

  • Treaty of Paris (1783)

  • Judith Sargent Murray publishes “On the Equality of the Sexes” (1779)

  • Emancipation of slaves begins in the North

  • Virginia enacts religious freedom (1786)

  • Thomas Paine’s Common Sense (1776) causes colonists to rethink political loyalties

  • States rely on property qualifications to define citizenship rights in their new constitutions
1787

  • Bank of North America founded (1781)

  • Land speculation increases in the West

  • State cessions, land ordinances, and Indian wars create national domain in the West

  • The Alien Act makes it harder for immigrants to become citizens and allow for deporting aliens (1798)

  • U.S. Constitution drafted (1787)

  • Conflict over Alexander Hamilton’s economic policies

  • First national parties: Federalists and Republicans

  • Politicians and ministers deny vote to women; praise republican motherhood

  • Bill of Rights ratified (1791)

  • Sedition Act limits freedom of the press (1798)

  • Indians form Western Confederacy (1790)

  • Second Great Awakening (1790–1860)

  • Emerging political divide between South and North
1800

  • Cotton output and demand for African labor expands

  • Farm productivity improves

  • Embargo encourages U.S. manufacturing

  • Second Bank of the United States chartered (1816–1836)

  • Supreme Court guards property

  • Suffrage for white men expands; New Jersey retracts suffrage for propertied women (1807)

  • Atlantic slave trade ends (1808)

  • American Colonization Society founded (1817)

  • Jefferson reduces activism of national government

  • Chief Justice Marshall asserts federal judicial powers

  • Triumph of Republican Party and end of Federalist Party

  • Free blacks enhance sense of African American identity

  • Religious benevolence engenders social reform movements

  • Tenskwatawa and Tecumseh revive Western Indian Confederacy

  • War of 1812 tests national unity

  • State constitutions democratized