Correct. The answer is c. Alexander Hamilton’s letter made clear his desire to establish an effective federal government, built on republican principles, which would put the nation on firm financial footing and balance the competing interests of the state governments.

Incorrect. The answer is c. Alexander Hamilton’s letter made clear his desire to establish an effective federal government, built on republican principles, which would put the nation on firm financial footing and balance the competing interests of the state governments.

Correct. The answer is a. Jefferson’s argument in this document is that independent farmers provided the backbone for republican government and that working men and “manufacturers” were dependent on others for their livelihoods and, therefore, easily corruptible and not fit republican citizens.

Incorrect. The answer is a. Jefferson’s argument in this document is that independent farmers provided the backbone for republican government and that working men and “manufacturers” were dependent on others for their livelihoods and, therefore, easily corruptible and not fit republican citizens.

Correct. The answer is b. Fisher Ames’s condemnation of the French Revolution hinged on his idea that democracy—a “government by mere popular impulses . . . that excites, instead of restraining, the passions of the multitude”—was a threat to liberty. As such, in his essay, Ames attacks Jefferson’s promotion of democratic ideals as a danger to American liberty.

Incorrect. The answer is b. Fisher Ames’s condemnation of the French Revolution hinged on his idea that democracy—a “government by mere popular impulses . . . that excites, instead of restraining, the passions of the multitude”—was a threat to liberty. As such, in his essay, Ames attacks Jefferson’s promotion of democratic ideals as a danger to American liberty.

Correct. The answer is c. John Adams, a Federalist, would likely have agreed with many of the views expressed by the author. Although the author’s anxieties about westward settlement rested primarily on migrants’ loss of religious faith, Adams, who shared Federalists’ fears about “the people,” would have been highly concerned about the possibility that migrants were abandoning “the refinements of polished society” for “savage life.”

Incorrect. The answer is c. John Adams, a Federalist, would likely have agreed with many of the views expressed by the author. Although the author’s anxieties about westward settlement rested primarily on migrants’ loss of religious faith, Adams, who shared Federalists’ fears about “the people,” would have been highly concerned about the possibility that migrants were abandoning “the refinements of polished society” for “savage life.”

Correct. The answer is b. In his efforts to recruit support for and justify his plan to fight with the British against the Americans in the War of 1812, Tecumseh adopted arguments that the American colonists had used to justify their fight against the British during the American Revolution. Like the American colonists, Tecumseh argued that American policies and practices were stripping Native Americans of their “ancient liberty” and threatening to enslave them. He called for unity among Native Americans to protect their freedoms.

Incorrect. The answer is b. In his efforts to recruit support for and justify his plan to fight with the British against the Americans in the War of 1812, Tecumseh adopted arguments that the American colonists had used to justify their fight against the British during the American Revolution. Like the American colonists, Tecumseh argued that American policies and practices were stripping Native Americans of their “ancient liberty” and threatening to enslave them. He called for unity among Native Americans to protect their freedoms.

Correct. The answer is d. The “Report of the Hartford Convention” reveals that, by 1815, Federalists who had previously favored a strong federal government had come to question its wisdom. Once they lost national power and found themselves dragged into a war that did not serve their sectional interests, Federalists sought to increase the autonomy and authority of their states and to weaken federal power.

Incorrect. The answer is d. The “Report of the Hartford Convention” reveals that, by 1815, Federalists who had previously favored a strong federal government had come to question its wisdom. Once they lost national power and found themselves dragged into a war that did not serve their sectional interests, Federalists sought to increase the autonomy and authority of their states and to weaken federal power.