Throughout the early nineteenth century, Cherokee women fought against land cessions and removal and argued for communal land use rather than individual allotments. Traditionally, land and political authority passed through the mother’s line, but as the Cherokee people adopted Anglo-American ways, patrilineal descent and men’s authority replaced this matrilineal system. Despite this change, Cherokee women continued to petition the Cherokee National Council, urging the council to resist land cessions and removal. The following excerpt comes from an 1831 petition.
To the Committee and Council,
We the females, residing in Salequoree and Pine Log, believing that the present difficulties and embarrassments under which this nation is placed demands a full expression of the mind of every individual, on the subject of emigrating to Arkansas, would take upon ourselves to address you. Although it is not common for our sex to take part in public measures, we nevertheless feel justified in expressing our sentiments on any subject where our interest is as much at stake as any other part of the community.
We believe the present plan of the General Government to effect our removal West of the Mississippi, and thus obtain our lands for the use of the State of Georgia, to be highly oppressive, cruel, and unjust. And we sincerely hope there is no consideration which can induce our citizens to forsake the land of our fathers of which they have been in possession from time immemorial, and thus compel us, against our will, to undergo the toils and difficulties of removing with our helpless families hundreds of miles to unhealthy and unproductive country. We hope therefore the Committee and Council will take into deep consideration our deplorable situation, and do everything in their power to avert such a state of things. And we trust by a prudent course their transactions with the General Government will enlist in our behalf the sympathies of the good people of the United States.
Source: Cherokee Phoenix, November 12, 1831, inThe Cherokee Removal: A Brief History with Documents, 2nd ed., ed. Theda Purdue and Michael Green (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2005), 134.
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