Mikhail Gorbachev | Speech to the United Nations, 1988
Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev instituted two major reform movements, called glasnost and perestroika. Glasnost was meant to transform the Soviet political system by creating more governmental openness and transparency, while perestroika referred to the restructuring of the Soviet economy. In December 1988, Gorbachev stunned the world when he discussed these changes at the United Nations and outlined plans to reduce Soviet military units in Eastern Europe.
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Source: “Address by Mikhail Gorbachev at the 43rd U.N. General Assembly Session,” December 7, 1988, http://legacy.wilsoncenter.org/coldwarfiles/index–34441.html.
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