Jackson hoped to make government more responsive to the needs of white workers and frontier farmers. But the president’s notion of democracy did not extend to Indians or African Americans. During his presidency, Indian nations actively resisted his efforts to take more of their land, and blacks continued to resist their enslavement. Of more immediate importance, once President Jackson had to take clear positions on tariffs and other controversial issues, he could not please all of his constituents. He also confronted experienced adversaries like Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and John Quincy Adams, who was elected to the House of Representatives from Massachusetts in 1830. The president thus faced considerable difficulty in translating popular support into public policy.