Organize the Evidence for Thinking through Sources 23

Document Links:

Document 23.1 Why We Fight: Prelude to War Transcript (1942)

Document 23.2 Poster to All Persons of Japanese Ancestry (1942)

Document 23.3 CHIEF JUSTICE HARLAN F. STONE, Hirabayashi v. United States Decision (1943)

Document 23.4 JUSTICE FRANK MURPHY, Dissent in Korematsu v. United States (1944)

Document 23.5 CHARLES KIKUCHI, Internment Diary (1942)

Organize the Evidence for Thinking through Sources 23

The following exercises provide an opportunity to use the sources collectively to respond to a guiding question.

Guiding Question: Why did Franklin D. Roosevelt issue Executive Order 9066, which ordered the relocation of Japanese Americans on the West Coast, how did the U.S. government justify the policy, and what impact did it have on Japanese Americans?

Instructions

Below are three topics that might find a place in organizing an essay responding to the guiding question. This exercise asks you to identify which sources would provide relevant evidence for that topic. Select the best answers for each question. Choose ALL that apply. Click the “submit” button for each question to turn in your work.

Question 23.16

1. Which of the sources provides specific evidence about why the United States government enacted a policy to intern Japanese Americans living on the West Coast? Choose ALL that apply.

R6Xlb9MAHXF7O4A0MNT1YQ== Document 23.1: Why We Fight: Prelude to War Transcript
kcVtUDKfaIWTKrqEI7di7A== Document 23.2: Poster to All Persons of Japanese Ancestry
R6Xlb9MAHXF7O4A0MNT1YQ== Document 23.3: Chief Justice Harlan F. Stone, Hirabayashi v. United States Decision
R6Xlb9MAHXF7O4A0MNT1YQ== Document 23.4: Justice Frank Murphy, Dissent in Korematsu v. United States
R6Xlb9MAHXF7O4A0MNT1YQ== Document 23.5: Charles Kikuchi, Internment Diary
Correct: Document 23.1: This document attempts to frame American public opinion about the war and its description of the Japanese are based in part on anti-Japanese stereotypes. Document 23.3: Harlan Stone’s opinion in this case explains the reasons for interning the Japanese Americans and explains the Supreme Court’s ruling that the act was constitutional. Document 23.4: In his dissent, Murphy describes the reasons for internment as well as his opinion that the act was unconstitutional and unnecessary. Document 23.5: Kikuchi’s diary makes reference to some anti-Japanese ideas and proposals that shed light on the types of assumptions that led to the internment policy.
Incorrect: Document 23.2: The poster does not express the reasons for the evacuation of Japanese Americans from coastal California.

Question 23.17

2. Which of these documents provides specific evidence about how the U.S. government justified a policy that limited the civil rights of one ethnic group and singled it out for internment? Choose ALL that apply.

kcVtUDKfaIWTKrqEI7di7A== Document 23.1: Why We Fight: Prelude to War Transcript
kcVtUDKfaIWTKrqEI7di7A== Document 23.2: Poster to All Persons of Japanese Ancestry
R6Xlb9MAHXF7O4A0MNT1YQ== Document 23.3: Chief Justice Harlan F. Stone, Hirabayashi v. United States Decision
R6Xlb9MAHXF7O4A0MNT1YQ== Document 23.4: Justice Frank Murphy, Dissent in Korematsu v. United States
kcVtUDKfaIWTKrqEI7di7A== Document 23.5: Charles Kikuchi, Internment Diary
Correct: Document 23.3: Chief Justice Harlan Stone outlines the Supreme Court’s position on the constitutionality of policies that singled out Japanese Americans as particularly dangerous to the United States. Document 23.4: Justice Frank Murphy describes the arguments that his colleagues on the Supreme Court made to justify the constitutionality of internment, while he also makes his own arguments opposing the policy.
Incorrect: Document 23.1: The transcript does not justify Japanese internment in the United States. Document 23.2: The poster does not justify Japanese internment in the United States. Document 23.5: Kikuchi’s diary does not describe or express arguments that were used to justify the internment of Japanese Americans.

Question 23.18

3. Which of the following documents provides specific evidence about the ways Executive Order 9066 affected the daily lives of West Coast Japanese Americans? Choose ALL that apply.

kcVtUDKfaIWTKrqEI7di7A== Document 23.1: Why We Fight: Prelude to War Transcript
R6Xlb9MAHXF7O4A0MNT1YQ== Document 23.2: Poster to All Persons of Japanese Ancestry
kcVtUDKfaIWTKrqEI7di7A== Document 23.3: Chief Justice Harlan F. Stone, Hirabayashi v. United States Decision
kcVtUDKfaIWTKrqEI7di7A== Document 23.4: Justice Frank Murphy, Dissent in Korematsu v. United States
R6Xlb9MAHXF7O4A0MNT1YQ== Document 23.5: Charles Kikuchi, Internment Diary
Correct: Document 23.2: The poster describes the rules that Japanese Americans had to follow as they prepared to evacuate and sheds light on the ways they were treated and accommodated by the U.S. government during that process. Document 23.5: Kikuchi’s diary describes some of his thoughts and experiences in an internment camp in California.
Incorrect: Document 23.1: The transcript does not address Japanese Americans’ experiences in the United States. Document 23.3: Stone does not describe Japanese Americans’ daily experiences during the war years. Document 23.4: Murphy does not describe Japanese Americans’ daily experiences during the war years.

Thinking through Sources forExploring American Histories, Volume 2Printed Page 182